Novel Compounds

ABSTRACT

Novel substituted 2,4,8-trisubstituted 8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one containing compounds and compositions, and their use in therapy as CSBP/RK/p38 kinase inhibitors.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to novel compounds and their use aspharmaceuticals, particularly as p38 kinase inhibitors, for thetreatment of certain diseases and conditions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Intracellular signal transduction is the means by which cells respond toextracellular stimuli. Regardless of the nature of the cell surfacereceptor (e.g. protein tyrosine kinase or seven-transmembrane G-proteincoupled), protein kinases and phosphatases along with phospholipases arethe essential machinery by which the signal is further transmittedwithin the cell [Marshall, J. C. Cell, 80, 179-278 (1995)]. Proteinkinases can be categorized into five classes with the two major classesbeing tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases, depending uponwhether the enzyme phosphorylates its substrate(s) on specifictyrosine(s) or serine/threonine(s) residues [Hunter, T., Methods inEnzymology (Protein Kinase Classification) p. 3, Hunter, T.; Sefton, B.M.; eds. vol. 200, Academic Press; San Diego, 1991].

Three major related intracellular pathways, the mitogen-activatedkinases, or MAPKs, are now understood to transduce signals from manyextracellular stimuli such as environmental stress, infectious agents,cytokines and growth factors. The MAPKs modulate the activity ofnumerous cell functions such as translocation and activation oftranscription factors that control transcription of effector moleculessuch as cytokines, COX-2, iNOS; the activity of downstream kinases thateffect translation of mRNAs; and cell cycle pathways throughtranscription or modification of enzymes. One of these three majorpathways is the p38 MAPK pathway, which refers in most cell types to theisoform p38cc which is ubiquitously expressed. The role of p38 in amultitude of functions, particularly related to inflammatory responsehas been elucidated using selective p38 inhibitors in numerous in vitroand in vivo studies. These functions have been extensively reviewed anda summary can be found in Nature Reviews [Kumar, S. Nature Rev. DrugDiscovery, 2:717 (2003)].

Extracellular stimuli such as those described above are generated in anumber of chronic diseases which are now understood to have a commonunderlying pathophysiology termed inflammation. An environmental insultor local cell damage activates cellular response pathways, including butnot limited to p38; local cells then generate cytokines and chemokines,in turn recruiting lymphocytes such as neutrophils and othergranulocytes. In a secondary response, the consequences includerecruitment of additional lymphocytes such as additional phagocyticcells or cytotoxic T cells, and ultimately the adaptive immune responseis initiated through activation of T cells. It is not currently fullyunderstood how this acute inflammatory response becomes a chronicresponse leading to diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA),athersclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), etc. Nevertheless, the features ofinflammation are recognized to contribute to a large number of chronicdiseases and pathways such as the p38 pathway are accepted to contributeto the initiation of inflammatory diseases.

For example, atherosclerosis is regarded as a chronic inflammatorydisease, which develops in response to injury of the vessel wall and ischaracterized by the complex development of an occlusive andprothrombotic atheroma. The pathogenesis of this lesion generallyinvolves endothelial dysfunction (reduced bioavailable NO), adhesionmolecule expression, adhesion and infiltration of leukocytes, cytokineand growth factor generation, accumulation of foam cells, expansion ofextracellular lipid and matrix, activation of matrix metalloproteases(MMPs) and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.

The discovery of p38 (initially termed CSBP, now p38; the isoforms p38αand p38β are the targets of the compounds described) provided amechanism of action of a class of anti-inflammatory compounds for whichSK&F 86002 was the prototypic example. These compounds inhibited IL-1and TNF synthesis in human monocytes at concentrations in the low uMrange [Lee, et al., Int. J. Immunopharmac. 10(7), 835(1988)] andexhibited activity in animal models which are refractory tocyclooxygenase inhibitors [Lee; et al., Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., 696,149(1993)].

The mechanism by which stress signals (including bacterial and viralinfection, pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidants, UV light and osmoticstress) activate p38 is through activation of kinases upstream from p38which in turn phosphorylate p38 at threonine 180 and tyrosine 182resulting in p38 activation. MAPKAP kinase-2 and MAPKAP kinase-3 havebeen identified as downstream substrates of CSBP/p38 which in turnphosphorylate heat shock protein Hsp27 and other substrates. Additionaldownstream substrates known to be phosphorylated by p38 include kinases(Mnk1/2, MSK1/2 and PRAK) and transcription factors (CHOP, MEF2, ATF2and CREB). While many of the signaling pathways required fortransduction of stress stimuli remain unknown it appears clear that manyof the substrates for p38 listed above are involved. [Cohen, P. TrendsCell Biol., 353-361(1997) and Lee, J. C. et al, Pharmacol. Ther. vol.82, nos. 2-3, pp. 389-397, 1999]. There is also emerging evidence thatp38 is involved in modulation of the activity of the NF-kB signalingpathway through a role in histone phosphorylation or acetylation, orthrough reduction of transcription competence of the NF-kB complex[Saccini, S. Nature Immunol., 3: 69-75, (2002); Carter, A B et al J BiolChem 274: 30858-63 (1999)]. Finally, a role for p38 in generation ofresponse to IFNs through activation by the Type I IFN receptor has beendescribed [Platanias, Pharmacol. Therap. 98:129-142 (2003)]. Activationof p38 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of IFN sensitivegenes through modification of specific transcription factors binding topromotor elements in these genes. Direct phosphorylation of STATs by p38has not been conclusively demonstrated.

In addition to inhibiting IL-1 and TNF upregulation in response toinflammatory stimuli, p38 kinase inhibitors (e.g., SK&F 86002 andSB-203580) are effective in a number of different cell types indecreasing the synthesis of a wide variety of pro-inflammatory proteinsincluding, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, RANTES and COX-2. Inhibitors of p38kinase have also been shown to suppress the TNF-induced expression ofVCAM-1 on endothelial cells, the TNF-induced phosphorylation andactivation of cytosolic PLA2 and the IL-1-stimulated synthesis ofcollagenase and stromelysin. These and additional data demonstrate thatp38 is involved not only cytokine synthesis in response to stress, butalso in propagating the consequent cytokine signaling [CSBP/P38 kinasereviewed in Cohen, P. Trends Cell Biol., 353-361(1997)].

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) are importantinflammatory cytokines produced by a variety of cells, such asmonocytes, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. IL-1 has beendemonstrated to mediate a variety of biological activities thought to beimportant in immunoregulation and other physiological conditions such asinflammation [See, e.g., Dinarello et al., Rev. Infect. Disease, 6, 51(1984)]. The myriad of known biological activities of IL-1 include theactivation of T helper cells, induction of fever, stimulation ofprostaglandin or collagenase production, neutrophil chemotaxis,induction of acute phase proteins and the suppression of plasma ironlevels.

There are many disease states in which excessive or unregulated IL-1production is implicated in exacerbating and/or causing the disease.These include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, endotoxemia and/ortoxic shock syndrome, other acute or chronic inflammatory disease statessuch as the inflammatory reaction induced by endotoxin or inflammatorybowel disease; tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, muscle degeneration,cachexia, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis,gout, traumatic arthritis, rubella arthritis, and acute synovitis.Evidence also links IL-1 activity to diabetes and pancreatic 13 cells[review of the biological activities which have been attributed to IL-1Dinarello, J. Clinical Immunology, 5 (5), 287-297 (1985)].

Excessive or unregulated TNF production has been implicated in mediatingor exacerbating a number of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis,rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and otherarthritic conditions; sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gramnegative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, adult respiratory distresssyndrome, cerebral malaria, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,silicosis, pulmonary sarcoisosis, bone resorption diseases, reperfusioninjury, graft vs. host reaction, allograft rejections, fever andmyalgias due to infection, such as influenza, cachexia secondary toinfection or malignancy, cachexia, secondary to acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS, ARC (AIDS related complex), keloidformation, scar tissue formation, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis,or pyresis.

Inflammatory diseases are also marked by increases in IL-6 andC-reactive protein (CRP), both of which are sensitive to inhibition byp38 inhibitors. IL-6 stimulation of CRP production is directly inhibitedby p38 inhibitors in human vascular endothelial cells, and CRP isproduced by hepatocytes in response to IL-6. CRP is considered a majorrisk factor for cardiovascular disease [Circulation 2003. 107: 363-369]and may be a significant independent risk factor for chronic obstructivepulmonary disease [Circulation 2003. 107:1514-1519]. IL-6 is alsoupregulated in endometriosis [Bedaiwy et al., 2002, Human Reproduction17:426-431; Witz, 2000, Fertility and Sterility 73: 212-214].

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and RANTES are chemotactic factors produced byseveral cell types including mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, endothelialcells, epithelial cells, neutrophils and T cells. Chemokine productionis induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli such as IL-1, TNF, orlipopolysachharide (LPS), or viral infection. IL-8 stimulates a numberof functions in vitro. It has been shown to have chemoattractantproperties for neutrophils, T-lymphocytes, and basophils. In addition itinduces histamine release from basophils from both normal and atopicindividuals as well as lysozomal enzyme release and respiratory burstfrom neutrophils. IL-8 has also been shown to increase the surfaceexpression of Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) on neutrophils without de novo proteinsynthesis, which may contribute to increased adhesion of the neutrophilsto vascular endothelial cells. Many diseases are characterized bymassive neutrophil infiltration. Conditions such as chronic obstructivepulmonary disease associated with an increase in IL-8 production wouldbenefit by compounds which are suppressive of IL-8 production. RANTES isproduced by cells such as epithelial cells and airway smooth muscle inresponse to infection or cytokine stimulation. Its main chemoattractionis for T cell subtypes and blood-borne monocytes.

IL-1, TNF and other cytokines affect a wide variety of cells and tissuesand these cytokines as well as other leukocyte derived cytokines areimportant as critical inflammatory mediators of a wide variety ofdisease states and conditions. The inhibition of these cytokines is ofbenefit in controlling, reducing and alleviating many of these diseasestates.

In addition to the involvement of p38 signaling in the production ofIL-1, TNF, IL-8, IL-6, GM-CSF, COX-2, collagenase and stromelysin,signal transduction via CSBP/p38 is required for the effector functionsof several of these same pro-inflammatory proteins plus many others. Forexample, growth factors such as VEGF, PDGF, NGF signal through surfacereceptors which in turn activate cellular signaling pathways includingp38 MAPK [Ono, K. and Han, J., Cellular Signalling, 121-13 (2000);Kyriakis, S M and Avruch, J. Physiol Rev 81: 807-869 (2001)]. TGF_(χ), akey molecule in the control of inflammatory response, also activates p38as a consequence of engagement of the TGFβ receptor. The involvement ofCSBP/p38 in multiple stress-induced signal transduction pathwaysprovides additional rationale for the potential utility of CSBP/p38 inthe treatment of diseases resulting from the excessive and destructiveactivation of the immune system, or chronic inflammation. Thisexpectation is supported by the potent and diverse activities describedfor CSBP/p38 kinase inhibitors [Badger, et al., J. Pharm. Exp. Thera.279 (3): 1453-1461, (1996); Griswold, et al, Pharmacol. Comm. 7, 323-229(1996); Jackson, et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284, 687- 692 (1998);Underwood, et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 293, 281- 288 (2000);Badger, et al., Arthritis Rheum. 43, 175 -183 (2000)].

Chronic inflammation is also characterized by ongoing remodeling andrepair of affected tissue, leading in some cases to excess fibrotictissue. A role for p38 MAPK in fibrosis is supported by findings thatthis enzyme mediates signaling of transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β) on markers and proteins of fibrosis. For example, it has beenshown that TGF-β increases the kinase activity of p38 MAPK through theTGF-β activated kinase TAK-1 (Hanafasa et al., 1999, J. Biol. Chem.274:27161-27167). Furthermore, the p38 inhibitor SB-242235 inhibited theTGF-β-induced increases in fibronectin and thrombospondin (Laping etal., 2002, Molec. Pharmacol. 62:58-64). These results show that p38 MAPKis a key signaling intermediate for the effect of the pro-fibroticcytokine TGF-β on components of the extracellular matrix and markers offibrosis.

P38 also plays a role in directing survival and apoptosis of cells inresponse to various stimuli. Both survival and apoptosis can be p38regulated depending on the stimulus and the cell type [Morin and Huot,Cancer Research. 64:1893-1898 (2004)]. For example, TGF-beta canstimulate apoptosis in murine hepatocytes through activation of gadd45b,a protein involved in cell-cycle control, in a p38 mediated process [Yooet al, J. Biol. Chem. 278:43001-43007, (2003)]. In a different responsepathway, UV-stress can activate p38 and trigger apoptosis of a damagedcell. P38 has also been shown to promote survival of lymphocytes inresponse to stress, including neutrophils and CD8+ T cells.

There remains a need for treatment, in this field, for compounds whichare cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs, i.e. compounds whichare capable of inhibiting the CSBP/p38/RK kinase. The present inventionis directed to such novel compounds which are inhibitors of p38 kinase.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the novel compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia),(II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI),(VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1), andpharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or physiologicallyfunctional derivatives thereof, and pharmaceutical compositionscomprising a compound of (I) and (Ia), (II) and (Ia), (III) and (IIIa),(IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI), (VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX),(IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts,solvates or physiologically functional derivatives thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.

This invention relates to a method of treating a CSBP/RK/p38 kinasemediated disease in a mammal in need thereof, which comprisesadministering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound ofFormula (I) and (Ia), (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa),(V) and (Va), (VI), (VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1),(B), and (B1).

This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting cytokines and thetreatment of a cytokine mediated disease, in a mammal in need thereof,which comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of acompound of Formula (I) and (Ia), (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IlIa), (IV)and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A),(A1), (B), and (B1).

This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the production ofIL-1 in a mammal in need thereof which comprises administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) and (Ia), (II)and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VIa-VIi),(VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1).

This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the production ofIL-6 in a mammal in need thereof which comprises administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) and (Ia), (II)and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VIa-VIi),(VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1).

This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the production ofIL-8 in a mammal in need thereof which comprises administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) and (Ia), (II)and (Ia), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VIa-VIi),(VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1).

This invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the production ofTNF in a mammal in need thereof which comprises administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) and (Ia), (II)and (IIa), (III) and (IIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VIa-VIi),(VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1).

Accordingly, the present invention provides for a compound of Formula(I) and (Ia) having the structure:

wherein

-   G₁, and G₂ are independently nitrogen;-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R₁₀)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄,    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)—CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl,    arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or    a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′), is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″), is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence    from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the    nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to    7 members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom    selected from NR₉′;-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;    -   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen,        C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety,        and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be        optionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the        nitrogen which they are attached form an optionally substituted        heterocyclic ring of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally        contains an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur        or NR_(9′);    -   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;    -   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an        integer having a value of 1 to 10;    -   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an        integer having a value of 1 or 2;    -   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;    -   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;    -   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;    -   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;    -   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an        integer having a value of 1 or 2;    -   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or        sulfur; and    -   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically        functional derivative thereof.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to novel compounds of (I) and (Ia),(II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI),(VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1) and apharmaceutically acceptable salt solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof. As will be readily recognized, the differencebetween compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) lies in the unsaturation ofthe ring system. The difference between compound of Formula (I) and (Ia)and compounds of Formula (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIa), (IV) and(IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI) and (VIa-VIi), etc., lies in ring substitutionon the aryl or heteroaryl moiety of the R₁ substituent, and the ringposition of the nitrogen(s) for the pyridyl or pyrimidine moiety whereapplicable.

The respective R₁, R₂, R_(X), X and R₃, etc., terms are the same forboth groups within the formulas themselves, for instance, in Formula (I)and (Ia), and except for the additional G5/G6/G7/G8 terms, applicableacross all formulas herein. For purposes herein, everything applicableto Formula (I) is also applicable to Formula (Ia) unless otherwiseindicated, and for the remaining compounds of Formula (II) and (IIa),etc. unless specified otherwise.

It is recognized that for compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) wherein G₃and G₄ are both carbon, and G₁ and G₂ are both nitrogen, the core ringsystem is considered a2,4,8-trisubstituted-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one.

Compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) are further represented by thestructure:

wherein

-   G₁, and G₂ are independently nitrogen;-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R₁₀)C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or N(R_(10′)R)    _(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NR_(q)R_(q′);-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O) CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein all of the moieties,    excluding hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    -   wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally        substituted 1 to 4 times, independently, at each occurrence by        C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀        alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,        C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halogen, —C(O),        cyano, nitro, aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,        heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkylNR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R₁₀)C(═N(R10′))NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(═NOR₆)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇; or    -   wherein R₂ is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    -   wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be        optionally substituted 1 to 4 times, independently, by C₁₋₁₀        alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀        alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,        C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halogen, —C(O),        cyano, nitro, aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic        C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀OR₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkylNR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(═NOR₆)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇;-   R_(2″), is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    -   wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally        substituted 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrence by        C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀        alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,        C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halogen, —C(O),        cyano, nitro, aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic        C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀OR₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkylNR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R₁₀)C(′N(R_(10′)))NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(═NOR₆)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′),        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    -   wherein these moieties are all optionally substituted one or        more times, independently at each occurrence, by hydrogen,        halogen, nitro, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀        alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀        alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₁₆R₂₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR₁₆R₂₆,        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆,        or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with    the nitrogen which they are attached form an unsubstituted or    substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members which ring    optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    sulfur or nitrogen; and    -   wherein the C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄        alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl C₁₋₄        alkyl moieties, and the R₄ and R₁₄ cyclized ring are optionally        substituted, 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrence, by        halogen; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy;        halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; halo-substituted        C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; SR₅; S(O)R₅; S(O)₂R₅; C(O)R_(j); C(O)OR_(j);        C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′); (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇;        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(d)R_(d′); NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl;        NR_(4′)C(O)aryl; NR_(4′)R_(14′); cyano; nitro; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl;        C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; an unsubstituted or substituted        aryl, or arylC₁₋₄ alkyl; an unsubstituted or substituted        heterocyclic, or heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl; an unsubstituted or        substituted heteroaryl, or heteroC₁₋₄ alkyl, and wherein these        aryl, heterocyclic, and heteroaryl containing moieties are        substituted one to two times independently at each occurrence by        halogen; C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl;        C₁₋₄ alkoxy; S(O)_(m)alkyl; amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄        alkyl amino, or CF₃;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′) can    cyclize together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to    form a 5 to 7 membered ring which optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   R_(4″) and R_(14″) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4″) and R_(14″)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, cyclize to    form a heterocyclic 5 to 7 membered ring which optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R₆ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀    alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl,    arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen are optionally substituted;-   R₇ is independently selected at each occurrence from C₁₋₆alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclylC₁₋₆ alkyl,    heteroaryl, or heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these    moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₈ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R₉ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    C(Z)R₆, optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, optionally substituted    aryl, optionally substituted aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₅ and R₂₅ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, or aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl    heteroaryl or heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein these    moieties, excluding hydrogen may be optionally substituted; or R₅    and R₂₅ together with the nitrogen which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members, which    ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from    oxygen, sulfur or NR₉; and    -   wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, are optionally        substituted 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrence by        halogen; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy;        halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; C₁₋₄ alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₄        alkyl; SR₅, S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅; C(O)R_(j); C(O)OR_(j);        C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′); NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl; NR_(4′)C(O)aryl;        NR_(4′)R_(14′); cyano; nitro; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl;        C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; aryl,        aryl C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,        heteroaryl, or hetero C₁₋₄ alkyl, and wherein these aryl,        heterocyclic, and heteroaryl containing moieties may also be        substituted one to two times independently at each occurrence by        halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl,        C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, S(O)_(m)C₁₋₄ alkyl, amino, mono & di-substituted        C₁₋₄ alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃;-   R₁₆ and R₂₆ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, or C₁₋₄ alkyl; or the R₁₆ and R₂₆ together with the    nitrogen which they are attached form an unsubstituted or    substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members, which ring    optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    sulfur or NR_(9′);-   R_(21′) and R_(31′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(21′) and R_(31′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached cyclize to    form a 5 to 7 membered ring which optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl    moiety;    -   which moieties may all be optionally substituted 1 to 4 times        independently at each occurrence by halogen; hydroxy; hydroxy        substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy;        halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; OR₈, SR₅, S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅;        C(O)R_(j); C(O)OR_(j); C(O)NR₁₅R₂₅; cyano; nitro; NR₁₅R₂₅;        -Z′-(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(s)-Z′-, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀        alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; an optionally substituted        aryl or arylalkyl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl and        heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, and an optionally substituted        heterocyclic and heterocyclicC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, and wherein these        aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic containing moieties may also        be substituted one to two times independently at each occurrence        by halogen, hydroxy, hydroxy substituted alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy,        S(O)_(m)C₁₋₄ alkyl, amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl        amino, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected at each occurrence    from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    or the R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which they are    attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 6    members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom    selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); and    -   wherein the R_(d) and R_(d′) moieties which are C₁₋₄ alkyl,        C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, and the R_(d) and        R_(d′) cyclized ring are substituted, 1 to 4 times,        independently at each occurrence by halogen, halosubstituted        C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy,        halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy, S(O)mRf, C(O)Rj, C(O)ORj,        C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′), NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₄alkyl,        S(O)₂NR_(4′)R_(14′)C₁₋₄ alkyl, NR_(4′)R_(14′)S(O)₂C₁₋₄ alkyl, or        NR_(4′)R_(14′);-   R_(e) are R_(e′) are each independently selected at each occurrence    from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a    heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety; or R_(e) and R_(e′) together with the    nitrogen which they are attached form an optionally substituted    heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;    and    -   wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be        substituted 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrence by        halogen; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy;        halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄        alkyl amino, S(O)mR_(f); C(O)R_(j); C(O)ORj;        (CR₁₀₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇;        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(d)R_(d′); C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′);        NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl; NR_(4′)C(O)aryl; cyano; nitro; C₁₋₁₀        alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;        halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; aryl, aryl C₁₋₄ alkyl,        heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, or        heteroC₁₋₄alkyl, and wherein these aryl, heterocyclic, and        heteroaryl containing moieties may be optionally substituted one        to two times independently at each occurrence by halogen, C₁₋₄        alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy,        S(O)_(m)alkyl, amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino,        C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃;-   R_(f) is independently selected at each occurrence from C₁₋₁₀alkyl,    aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, and wherein these    moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R_(j) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl C₁₋₄alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₄alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclic C₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein these    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;-   g is 0, or integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   s is independently selected at each occurrence from an integer    having a value of 1, 2, or 3;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur;-   Z′ is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen,    nitrogen, or sulfur;-   and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, solvate or    physiologically functional derivative thereof.

Suitably, for compounds of Formula (I), and (Ia), and the remainingformulas described herein R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b).

In one embodiment of the invention, R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b).In another embodiment of the invention, R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b).

Suitably, R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence fromhalogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅,or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃.

In one embodiment, R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrencefrom halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl. In anotherembodiment, R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence fromfluorine, chlorine, methyl, or CF₃.

Suitably, g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4. In oneembodiment of the invention, g is 0, 1 or 2.

For compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia), when R_(1′) is substituted on aphenyl ring in the ortho position, and a second R_(1′) moiety is alsosubstituted on the ring, then preferably the second substitution is notin the other ortho position. Suitably, the phenyl ring is substituted inthe 2-position and if a second substituent is present, in the 3-positionwith the R₁ moiety in the 5-position. Alternatively, the R_(1′) moietymay be in the other ortho 2-position and the R₁ moiety in the3-position, which will change the ring position numbering.

Suitably, R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₅ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₅cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, or the R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′), and wherein theR_(d) and R_(d′) moieties which are C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,C₃₋₆cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, and the R_(d) and R_(d′) cyclized ring areoptionally substituted, 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrenceby halogen; halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; hydroxy; hydroxy substitutedC₁₋₄alkyl; C₁₋₄ alkoxy; C₁₋₄alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy; S(O)mRf;C(O)Rj; C(O)ORj; C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′), NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₄alkyl;S(O)₂NR₄′R₁₄′C₁₋₄ alkyl; NR₄′R_(14′)S(O)₂C₁₋₄ alkyl; or NR_(4′)R_(14′).

Suitably R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen, or C₁₋₄ alkyl.

Suitably, Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen orsulfur.

Suitably, v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 2.

Suitably, v′ is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2.

Suitably, R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.

Suitably, R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl.

Suitably, R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl, andwherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted.

Suitably, R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted 1 to 4 times independently at each occurrence byhalogen; halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; C₁₋₄ alkyl; hydroxy; hydroxysubstituted C₁₋₄alkyl; C₁₋₄alkoxy; halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy;S(O)mC₁₋₄ alkyl; —C(O), C(O)C₁₋₄ alkyl; or NR_(21′)R_(31′).

Suitably, R_(21′) and R_(31′) are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(21′) and R_(31′) togetherwith the nitrogen to which they are attached cyclize to form anoptionally substituted heterocyclic 5 to 7 membered ring, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from O/N/S.

Suitably R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, whichmoieties, excluding hydrogen are all optionally substituted.

The R_(b) moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted,one or more times, preferably 1 to 4 times independently at eachoccurrence by halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine;hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, such as methoxyor ethoxy; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; OR₈, such as methoxy, ethoxy orphenoxy; SR₅, S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, such as methylthio, methylsulfinyl ormethyl sulfonyl; C(O)R_(j); C(O)OR_(j); C(O)NR_(4″)R_(14″); cyano;nitro; NR₁₅R₂₅; -Z′-(CR₁₀R₂₀)s-Z′-; C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl or aC₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl group, such as cyclopropyl, or cyclopropylmethyl, or cyclopropylethyl, etc.; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, suchCF₂CF₂H, CH₂CF₃, or CF₃; an optionally substituted aryl, such as phenyl,or an optionally substituted arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, such as benzyl orphenethyl; an optionally substituted heterocyclic orheterocyclicC₁₋₁₀alkyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl orheteroarylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, and wherein these aryl, heteroaryl, andheterocyclic containing moieties may also be substituted one to twotimes independently at each occurrence by halogen, hydroxy, hydroxysubstituted alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, S(O)_(m)alkyl, amino, mono &di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃.

The moiety -Z′-(CR₁₀R₂₀)s-Z′ forms a cyclic ring, such as a dioxalanering.

Suitably Z′ is independently at each occurrence selected from oxygen orsulfur.

Suitably, s is independently selected at each occurrence from an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, or 3.

Suitably, R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding themoieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ beingSOH.

Suitably, R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′) cancyclize together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form anoptionally substituted 5 to 7 membered ring which optionally contains anadditional heteroatom from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′). Suitably, whenR_(4′) and R_(14′) cyclize to form an optionally substituted ring, suchrings include, but are not limited to pyrrolidine, piperidine,piperazine, morpholine, and thiomorpholine (including oxidizing thesulfur).

Suitably, R_(4″) and R_(14″) are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, or R_(4″) and R_(14″) cancyclize together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form anoptionally substituted 5 to 7 membered ring which optionally contains anadditional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′). Suitably,when R_(4″) and R_(14″) cyclize to form an optionally substituted ring,such rings include, but are not limited to pyrrolidine, piperidine,piperazine, morpholine, and thiomorpholine (including oxidizing thesulfur).

Suitably, R_(f) is independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen, C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclic C₋₁₀alkyl moiety, andwherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted.

Suitably, R_(j) is independently selected at each occurrence from aC₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀alkyl,heterocyclic, or a heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties may be optionally substituted.

Suitably, when R_(b) is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, the moietyincludes but is not limited to a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl,t-butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl,heptyl, 2-methylpropyl; a halosubstituted alkyl, such as2,2,2-trifluroethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2-fluoroethyl; a cyano substitutedalkyl, such as cyanomethyl, cyanoethyl; an alkoxy, thio or hydroxysubstituted alkyl, such as 2-methoxy-ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl or serinol,or an ethylthioethyl.

In an alternative embodiment, when R_(b) is an optionally substitutedC₁₋₁₀alkyl the moiety is a methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl,n-butyl, or 2,2-dimethylpropyl or 2-hydroxy propyl group.

Suitably, when R_(b) is an optionally substituted heteroaryl, orheteroarylalkyl, the heteroaryl containing moiety includes but is notlimited to, furyl, pyranyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl,isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl,oxathiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl,pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, and uracil, indolyl,isoindolyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, azaindolyl, benzoxazolyl,benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolyl,isoquinolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, cinnolinyl,purinyl, and phthalazinyl.

In one embodiment, when R_(b) is an optionally substituted heteroaryl itis a 1,3-thiazol-2-yl or 5-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl, isoquinolinyl,thiophene, e.g. a 3-thiophene, indol-5-yl, pyridinyl, e.g. apyridin3-yl, or pyridine-4-yl, indazolyl, benzothiazolyl,2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-5-yl, 1H-imidazol-4-yl or1H-imidazol-4-ylethyl. Further to this, the heteroaryl ring is anoptionally substituted thiazolyl, pyridyl, or thiophene ring.Preferably, R_(b) is an optionally substituted 1,3-thiazol-2-yl.

Suitably, when R_(b) is an optionally substituted heterocyclic, orheterocyclicalkyl, the heterocyclic containing moiety includes but isnot limited to tetrahydropyrrole, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydrothiophene (including oxidized versions of the sulfur moiety),azepine, diazepine, aziridinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl,2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, 3-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-benzdioxol-5-yl,imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, indolinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl,piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholino and thiomorpholino (includingoxidized versions of the sulfur moiety). In one embodiment, theheterocyclic, heterocyclic alkyl group is pyrazol-3-yl, 4-morpholino,unsubstituted and substituted 2-furanyl, 2-furanylmethyl, 2-thienyl,2-thienylmethyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4yl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4ylmethyl, tetrahydro-2-furanyl, or tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl.

Suitably, when R_(b) is an optionally substituted aryl or arylalkylmoiety, the aryl containing moiety is unsubstituted or substitutedindependently at each occurrence one or more times by halogen, alkyl,cyano, OR₈, SR₅, S(O)₂R₅, C(O)R_(j), C(O)OR_(j), -Z′-(CR₁₀R₂₀)s-Z′,halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, or an optionally substituted aryl.

In one embodiment, R_(b) is a phenyl, or napthylene, 2-fluorophenyl,3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,3-difluorphenyl, 2,4-diflurophenyl,3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl,3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2-methyl phenyl, 3-methylphenyl,4-methylphenyl, 6-methyl phenyl, 2-methyl phenyl, 3-amino phenyl,3,4-dimethyl phenyl, 4-methyl-3-fluorophenyl, 4-trifluorophenyl,4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl,4-thiomethylphenyl, 4-acetylphenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, benzyl,phenethyl, phenylpropyl, 2,3-difluoro-benzyl, 3,5-difluoro-benzyl,biphenyl, 4′-fluorobiphenyl, 4-sulfonamindo-2-methylphenyl, or3-phenyloxyphenyl, 4-phenyloxyphenyl, 4-(1-piperidinylsulfonyl)-phenyl,or 3-(aminocarbonyl)phenyl.

In another embodiment, R_(b) is a phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl,3-fluorophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,4-diflurophenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl,3,5-difluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl,3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 4-methyl-3-fluorophenyl, 4-trifluorophenyl,2-methylphenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl,3-cyanophenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-thiomethylphenyl, 4-acetylphenyl,4-dimethylaminophenyl, biphenyl, 4′-fluorobiphenyl,4-sulfonamindo-2-methylphenyl, 3-phenyloxyphenyl, benzyl, or phenethyl.Further to this R_(b) is a 4-fluorophenyl.

Suitably, when R_(b) is an optionally substituted cycloalkyl orcycloalkyl alkyl moiety, the moiety is a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl, or a cyclopentylmethyl. Inanother embodiment, R_(b) is a cyclopropyl or cyclopropylmethyl group.

In another embodiment, R_(b) is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, or aryl, alloptionally substituted.

In another embodiment, R_(b) is hydrogen, or an optionally substitutedalkyl.

In one embodiment of the invention R_(b) is an alkyl, such as propyl orisopropyl; heteroaryl, such as a thiazolyl; an aryl, such phenyl, or 4-Fphenyl; an arylalkyl, or a cycloalkylalkyl moiety, all optionallysubstituted. In another embodiment, R_(b) is alkyl, heteroaryl, or aryl,all optionally substituted.

In another embodiment, R_(b) is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, or aryl, alloptionally substituted.

Suitably, m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or aninteger having a value of 1 or 2.

For each of the integer variables where appropriate, e.g. n, n′, m, q′,s, t, or v′, etc. they are independently chosen at each occurrence.

Suitably, R₈ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted 1 to 4 times by halogen; halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; C₁₋₄alkyl; C₃₋₅cycloalkyl; C₃₋₅cycloalkyl C₁₋₄alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₄alkyl; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄alkyl; C₁₋₄alkoxy;halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkoxy; S(O)mC₁₋₄ alkyl; —C(O), C(O)C₁₋₄ alkyl;NR_(21′)R_(31′); or an aryl or arylalkyl, and wherein these arylcontaining moieties may also be substituted independently at eachoccurrence, one to two times by halogen, hydroxy, hydroxy substitutedalkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, S(O)_(m)C₁₋₄alkyl, amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄alkylamino, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃.

Suitably, R₁₅ and R₂₅ are each independently selected at each occurrencefrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,aryl, or aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen may be optionallysubstituted; or R₁₅ and R₂₅ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or NR₉; and wherein these moieties areoptionally substituted 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrence byhalogen; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy;halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; C₁₋₄ alkyl; SR₅, S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅;C(O)R_(j); C(O)OR_(j); C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′); NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl;NR_(4′)C(O)aryl; NR_(4′)R_(14′); cyano; nitro; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl; halosubstitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl;aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic and heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl,heteroaryl, or heteroC₁₋₄ alkyl, and wherein these aryl, heterocyclicand heteroaryl containing moieties may also be substituted one to twotimes independently at each occurrence by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxy,hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, S(O)_(m)alkyl, amino, mono& di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃.

Suitably, R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrencefrom hydrogen, optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, optionallysubstituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted aryl-C₁₋₄alkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic, oroptionally substituted heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R₄ and R₁₄ togetherwith the nitrogen to which they are attached may form an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members which ring optionallycontains an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur ornitrogen.

The R₄ and R₁₄ moieties, excluding hydrogen, of C₁₋₁₀alkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclic C₁₋₄alkyl moieties, and the R₄ and R₁₄ cyclized ring, are all be optionallysubstituted, one or more times, preferably 1 to 4 times, independentlyat each occurrence, by halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine oriodine; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, such asmethoxy or ethoxy; C₁₋₁₀alkyl, halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; SR₅;S(O)R₅; S(O)₂R₅, such as methyl thio, methylsulfinyl or methyl sulfonyl;C(O)Rj; C(O)ORj; C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′); (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇;(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(d)R_(d′); NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl;NR_(4′)C(O)aryl; NR_(4′)R_(14′); cyano; nitro; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, such asmethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, t-butyl, etc.; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl andC₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclopropyl methyl, orcyclopropyl ethyl, etc.; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, such CF₂CF₂H,CH₂CF₃, or CF₃; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted one or more times by anoptionally substituted aryl; optionally substituted aryl, such asphenyl, or an optionally substituted arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, such as benzyl orphenethyl; an unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, or heteroC₁₋₄alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic, or heterocyclicC₁₋₄alkyl, and wherein these aryl, heteroaryl and heterocyclic containingmoieties may also be substituted independently at each occurrence, oneto two times, by halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₄ alkoxy, S(O)_(m)alkyl, amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄alkyl amino, or CF₃.

Suitably, when R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen cyclize to form anoptionally substituted ring, such as described above, such ringsinclude, but are not limited to pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine,morpholine, and thiomorpholine (including oxidizing the sulfur).

Suitably, R₆ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclyl C₁₋₁₀alkyl,aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, andwherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen may be optionally substitutedindependently at each occurrence, one or more times, suitably 1 to 2times, by halogen; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀alkoxy;halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; S(O)m alkyl; C(O); NR_(4′)R_(14′); C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; an unsubstituted aryl or aryl C₁₋₄ alkyl, an unsubstituted orsubstituted heteroaryl or heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl, or a unsubstituted orsubstituted heterocyclic or heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl; and wherein thesearyl, heterocyclic, or heteroaryl containing moieties may be substitutedindependently at each occurrence, one or two times by halogen, hydroxy,hydroxy substituted alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, S(O)_(m)alkyl, amino, mono &di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃.

Suitably, R₉ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,C(Z)R₆, optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, optionally substituted arylor optionally substituted aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl. These alkyl, aryl andarylalkyl moieties may be optionally substituted 1 or 2 times,independently at each occurrence by halogen; hydroxy; hydroxysubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy;S(O)m alkyl; —C(O); NR_(4′)R_(14′); C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl;C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; an aryl or arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, and wherein these aryl containing moieties may also besubstituted one or two times independently at each occurrence byhalogen, hydroxy, hydroxy substituted alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, S(O)_(m)C₁₋₄alkyl, amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino, C₁₋₄ alkyl, orCF₃.

Suitably, R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which moieties maybeoptionally substituted one ore more times, suitably 1 to 4 times,independently at each occurrence by hydrogen, halogen, nitro, C₁₋₁₀alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀alkynyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR₁₆R₂₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇.

In one embodiment, the R₃ moieties are optionally substituted 1 to 4times, independently at each occurrence by halogen, nitro, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄alkynyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,C₃₋₆cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₆cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₆cycloalkenylC₁₋₄ alkyl,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NHS(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₁₆R₂₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆, or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆.

In one embodiment the R₃ moieties are optionally substitutedindependently, one or more times, suitably 1 to 4 times, independentlyat each occurrence by the R₃ optional substituent is independentlyselected from halogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₁₆R₂₆, or halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

In another embodiment the optional substituents are independentlyselected at each occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, hydroxy, C₁₋₁₀alkoxy, cyano, nitro, amino, or halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. In anotherembodiment, the R₃ substituents are selected independently from halogen,such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, or C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, such asmethyl.

In one embodiment the R₃ moieties are selected from an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, optionally substituted C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C₃₋₇cycloalkylalkyl, or an optionally substitutedaryl. In another embodiment, the R₃ moiety is selected from anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, or an optionally substituted aryl.In another embodiment, R₃ is an optionally substituted phenyl. Furtherto this embodiment, R₃ is a phenyl ring substituted one or more times byindependently at each occurrence by fluorine, chlorine, hydroxy,methoxy, amino, methyl, or trifluoromethyl. Preferably, R₃ is a2,6-difluorophenyl.

Suitably, in one embodiment when R₃ is an aryl moiety, it is a phenylring. The phenyl ring is optionally substituted, independently at eachoccurrence, one or more times, suitably 1 to 4 times by halogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, or halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl. The phenyl ring may suitably besubstituted in the 2, 4, or 6-position, or di-substituted in the2,4-position, or 2,6-position, such as 2-fluoro, 4-fluoro, 2,4-difluoro,2,6-difluoro, or 2-methyl-4-fluoro; or tri-substituted in the2,4,6-position, such as 2,4,6-trifluoro.

Suitably, R₇ is independently selected at each occurrence fromC₁₋₆alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclylC₁₋₆ alkyl,heteroaryl, or heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl; and wherein each of these moietiesmay be optionally substituted one or two times independently at eachoccurrence, by halogen; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀alkoxy; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; S(O)malkyl; C(O); NR_(4′)R_(14′);C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl; halosubstitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl; an aryl or aryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein these arylcontaining moieties may also be substituted one to two times by halogen,hydroxy, hydroxy substituted alkyl, C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, S(O)_(m)alkyl, amino,mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃.

Suitably, R₁₆ and R₂₆ are each independently selected at each occurrencefrom hydrogen, or C₁₋₄ alkyl; or the R₁₆ and R₂₆ together with thenitrogen which they are attached form an unsubstituted or substitutedheterocyclic ring, of 4 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains anadditional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′).

Suitably, n is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 10.

Suitably, X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′.

In one embodiment of the invention X isN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′.

Suitably, X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀. In one embodiment ofthe invention, X₁ is N(R₁₁), or O.

Suitably, R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O) CH₂—.

Suitably, R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrencefrom hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, and wherein all of the moieties, excluding hydrogen, areoptionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogento which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclicring of 5 to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur.

Suitably, R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen, or C₁₋₄ alkyl.

Suitably, R₂ is independently selected from hydrogen, optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,optionally substituted C₃₋₇cycloalkylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl,optionally substituted arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, optionallysubstituted heterocyclic, optionally substituted heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkylmoiety; or R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃),or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃).

Suitably q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6.

The R₂ moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted oneor more times, preferably 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrenceby C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halogen, —C(O), cyano, nitro,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkylNR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(═NOR₆)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇.

Suitably, R_(e) are R_(e′) are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, which moieties may be optionally substituted; orR_(e) and R_(e′) together with the nitrogen which they are attached forman optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members, whichring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,sulfur or NR₉; and wherein each of these moieties, including thecyclized ring, and excluding hydrogen, may be substituted 1 to 4 times,independently at each occurrence by halogen; hydroxy; hydroxysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy;C₁₋₁₀alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; S(O)mR_(f); C(O)R_(j); C(O)ORj;(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇; (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(d)R_(d′);C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′); NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl; NR_(4′)C(O)aryl; cyano;nitro; NR_(4′)R_(14′); C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl; C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; aryl, arylC₁₋₄alkyl, heterocyclic,heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, or hetero C₁₋₄ alkyl, and whereinthese aryl, heterocyclic or heteroaryl containing moieties may beoptionally substituted one to two times independently at each occurrenceby halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₁₋₁₀alkoxy, S(O)_(m)alkyl, amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino,C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃.

Suitably, R_(f′) is independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen, C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, andwherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted.

When X is R₂ and R₂ is an optionally substituted heterocyclic orheterocyclic alkyl, the heterocyclic containing moiety is suitablyselected from tetrahydropyrrole, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran,tetrahydrothiophene (including oxidized versions of the sulfur moiety),aziridinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl,3-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-benzdioxol-5-yl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl,indolinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,morpholino and thiomorpholino (including oxidized versions of the sulfurmoiety).

In one embodiment, R₂ is an optionally substituted piperidinyl orpiperazinyl ring.

In another embodiment, when R₂ is an optionally substituted heterocyclicor heterocyclic alkyl ring the ring is substituted one or mores timesindependently by an optionally substituted heterocyclic, heterocyclicalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇. The second heterocyclic ring is suitablyselected from an optionally substituted tetrahydropyrrole,tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene (includingoxidized versions of the sulfur moiety), aziridinyl, pyrrolinyl,pyrrolidinyl, 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, 3-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl,1,3-benzdioxol-5-yl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, indolinyl,pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, diazepine,morpholino or thiomorpholino (including oxidized versions of the sulfurmoiety). Suitably, the second heterocyclic ring is selected frommorpholino, piperidine, or pyrrolidinyl.

In one embodiment, R₂ is a 4-amino-1-piperidinyl,1,1-dimethylethyl)oxy]-carbonyl}amino)-1-piperidinyl,4-methyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-propyl-1-piperazinyl,4-butyl-1-piperazinyl, 4-(methylamino)-1-piperidinyl,1,1-dimethylethyl-4-piperidinyl}methylcarbamate, 4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl,1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl, 4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-piperidinyl,4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl, 4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-piperidinyl,4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl, or4-methylhexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl.

Suitably, R_(2′) is independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl,arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties,excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted 1 to 4 times,independently, at each occurrence, by C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, halogen, —C(O), cyano, nitro, aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkylNR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(═NOR₆)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇.

In one embodiment, when X is (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), one of R_(2′),or R_(2″), is hydrogen, or methyl.

In one embodiment, when R_(2′) is an optionally substituted heterocyclicor heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl the heterocyclic containing moiety issubstituted one or more time independently by C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,heterocyclic, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇,or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆. More specifically, methyl, ethyl, NHC(O)O—CCH₃,N(CH₃)C(O)O—CCH₃, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, phenyl, piperidine,pyrrolidine, 1-ethylpropyl, 4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl,1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl, morpholino,

In one embodiment, when X is (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), R_(2′) is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic,heterocyclyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroarylalkyl. Suitably, when R_(2′) is anoptionally substituted cycloalkyl it is a cyclohexyl ring. In oneembodiment the cyclohexyl ring is optionally substituted one or moretimes by (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′).

Suitably, when R_(2′) is an optionally substituted heterocyclic, or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, the ring is selected from tetrahydropyrrole,tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene (includingoxidized versions of the sulfur moiety), aziridinyl, pyrrolinyl,pyrrolidinyl, 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, 3-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl,1,3-benzdioxol-5-yl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, indolinyl,pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, diazepine,hexahydro-1-H-azepine, morpholino or thiomorpholino (including oxidizedversions of the sulfur moiety). Preferably, the ring is a piperidine,piperazine, pyrrolidinyl, 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, morpholino,hexahydro-1-H-azepine ring. In one embodiment, the rings are substitutedone or more times, suitably 1 to 4 times, independently by C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,aryl, arylalkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇.

In one embodiment, (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)) is1-phenylmethyl)-4-piperidinamine,2-[4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethylamine,2-(1-piperidinyl)ethylamine, 2-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamine,1-[(phenylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinyl]amine, 3-[(1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl]amine,3-[(hexahydro-1H-azepin-1-yl)propyl]amine,(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl)amine, 3-[(4-morpholinyl)propyl]amine,3-[(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl]-amine, 2-[(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]amine,2-[(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-amine, or[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]amino.

In one embodiment when X is (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), and R_(2′) is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, the alkyl is substituted one or moretimes independently by (CR₁₀OR₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′) or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkylNR_(e)R_(e′). In one embodiment R_(e)and and R_(e′) are independently an optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl,such as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, or t-butyl. Preferably,(CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)) is 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(methyl)amine,3-(diethylamino)propylamine, propylamine, (2,2-dimethylpropyl)amine,(2-hydroxypropyl)amino, 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine,2-(dimethylamino)ethyl(methyl)amine, 3-(dimethylamino)propylamine,2-(dimethylamino)ethyl(methyl)amine, 3-(diethylamino)propylamine,2-(methylamino)ethylamine, [(1-methylethyl)amino]ethylamine,3-(diethylamino)propylamine, 3-(dibutylamino)propylamine,3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propylamine,3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)aminopropylamine,3-(dimethylamino)-2,2-dimethylpropylamine,4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutylamine, or3-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-(methyl)amino]propyl(methyl)amine.

Suitably, R_(2″) is selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein the moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted 1 to 4 times, independently, at each occurrence by C₁₋₁₀alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halogen, —C(O), cyano, nitro, aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkylNR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀OR₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(═NOR₆)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃).

Suitably, t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6.

Suitably, q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10.

Suitably, A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, oraryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

Suitably, A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, oraryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

Suitably, A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

The A₁, A₂, and A₃ C₁₋₁₀ alkyl moieties may optionally substituted oneor more times, independently, at each occurrence preferably from 1 to 4times, with halogen, such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or iodine;halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, such as CF₃, or CHF₂CF₃; C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl,C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₄R₁₄, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR₄R₁₄, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR₄R₁₄,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR₄R₁₄, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR₄R₁₄,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR₄R₁₄, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇.

In another embodiment of the present invention, X is R₂, and R₂ is(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃). In a further embodiment, q′ is 0.

In another embodiment when R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), q′ is 0, X₁ is nitrogen, qis 0 or 1, A₁ is an optionally substituted heterocyclic or heterocyclicalkyl, and A₂ is an optionally substituted aryl. More specifically, R₂is 2-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]amino, or1-phenyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]amino.

In one embodiment of the invention, one or more of the A₁, A₂ and A₃moieties are substituted with (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆. In another embodiment ofthe invention, the R₆ substituent in (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆ is hydrogen.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, X is R₂ and R₂ is(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), such as CH(CH₂OH)₂, or C(CH₃)(CH₂OH)₂; or

-   -   wherein R₂ is (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)qC(A₁)(A₂)(A₃) and q′ is        0, and the moiety is X₁ (CR₁₀R₂₀)qCH(CH₂OH)₂, or        X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)qC(CH₃)(CH₂OH)₂; in another embodiment X₁ is oxygen        or nitrogen.

In one embodiment of the present invention X is R₂, OR_(2′),(CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄, or (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)).

In another embodiment X is S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄, or(CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)).

In yet another embodiment, X is (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄, or(CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)).

In yet another embodiment, X is (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄.

In yet another embodiment, X is (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)).

In one embodiment of the present invention X is R₂, OR_(2′),(CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄, or (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)).

Suitably, when X is (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄, then R₄ and R₁₄ are C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroarylor heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl. Suitably, the C₁₋₄ alkyl may be substitutedone or more times, independently at each occurrence with NR_(4′)R_(14′);halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′); or NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl.Preferably, the C₁₋₄ alkyl is substituted with NR_(4′)R_(14′).

In one embodiment at least one of R₄ and R₁₄ may be hydrogen when R₄ andR₁₄ are not cyclized. In another embodiment neither R₄ and R₁₄ ishydrogen.

In one embodiment when X is (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄, one of R₄ and R₁₄ arehydrogen, and the other is an optionally substituted heteroaryl C₁₋₄alkyl. Suitably, the optionally substituted heteroaryl alkyl is animidazolyl alkyl, such as a 1H-imidazol-2-yl-methyl group.

In another embodiment when X is (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄ and one of R₄ and R₁₄ isa heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, the heteroaryl ring is selected from anoptionally substituted thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl,isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, pyridazinyl,pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, andbenzothiazolyl. Suitably, the heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl is selected from anoptionally substituted pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isoxazolyl,imidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, and benzothiazolyl.

In another embodiment when X is (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄ and one of R₄ and R₁₄ isa heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, then the optionally substitutedheterocyclic ring is selected from an optionally substitutedtetrahydropyrrole, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolinyl,pyrrolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, indolinyl, pyrazolinyl,pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, and morpholino. Suitably, theheterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety is selected from optionally substitutedpyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, and morpholino.

In another embodiment when X is (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄ and R₄ and R₁₄ togetherwith the nitrogen cyclize to form an optionally substituted ring, suchas described above, such rings include, but are not limited topyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, diazepine, and morpholine.

In one embodiment when X is (CH₂)_(n)NR₄R₁₄, the R₄ and R₁₄ substituentscyclize to form a heterocyclic 5 or 6 membered ring, which ring isoptionally substituted as defined herein. When the R₄ and R₁₄substituents cyclize to form a 4 to 7 membered ring, the optionalsubstituents are suitably selected from an optionally substituted alkyl,an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl,optionally substituted heterocyclic, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇,NR_(4′)R_(14′), or a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl substituted one or more times by anoptionally substituted aryl. Such substituents more specifically includephenyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholino, piperazinyl, 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl,piperidinyl, 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl,5-chloro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl, diphenylmethyl, methyl,ethyl, propyl, butyl, amino, methylamino, and dimethylamino.

In one embodiment the X substituent is a 1,4′-bipiperin-1-yl ring whichmay be optionally substituted such as in 4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperin-1-yl;4-piperidinylamino, 4-amino-1-piperidinyl,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino, 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl,(4-morpholinyl)-1-piperidinyl, (4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-piperidinyl,4-ethyl-1-piperazinyl,(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl,5-chloro-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl,4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-piperidinyl, 4-(diphenylmethyl)-1-piperazinyl,4-methylhexahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl, 4-propyl-1-piperazinyl, or4-butyl-1-piperazinyl. In a further embodiment, the X substituent is anoptionally substituted 1,4′-bipiperin-1′yl ring, a4-amino-1-piperidinyl, or a 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino.

In another embodiment, when X is (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), and R_(2′)is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and the alkyl issubstituted by (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′), and R_(e) and R_(e′) arehydrogen, or an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl. Suitably, the Xmoiety is 3-(diethylamino)propylamino,3-(dimethylamino)propyl(methyl)amino,3-(dimethylamino)propyl(methyl)amino, 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino,1-(methylethyl)amino-propylamino, (1,1-dimethylethyl)aminopropylamino,(1-methylethyl)aminoethylamino, 2-(methylamino)ethylamino,2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino, or a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl(methyl)amino.

In another embodiment when X is (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), and R_(2′)moiety is an optionally substituted heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, theheteroaryl moiety is suitably an optionally substituted imidazole.

In one embodiment of the invention at least one of R₄ and R₁₄ may behydrogen when R₄ and R₁₄ are not cyclized.

In one embodiment R₃ is a 2,6-difluoro phenyl, R_(1′) is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, fluorine, or methyl; g is 1or 2; and R₁ is selected from C(Z)N(R_(10′)) (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orC(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b).Preferably, R₁ is selected from C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b). Inanother embodiment, the R_(b) moiety is selected from thiazolyl, C₁₋₁₀alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl. In another embodiment the R_(b)moiety is propyl or 4-fluorophenyl. In another embodiment, the R_(b)moiety is thiazolyl.

In another embodiment, X is suitably selected from(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino or 4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1 ′-yl,2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino, 4-amino-1-piperidinyl,3-(diethylamino)propylamino, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(methyl)amino,3-(dimethylamino)propyl(methyl)amino, 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino,1-methylethyl)amino-propylamino, (1,1-dimethylethyl)aminopropylamino,(1-methylethyl)aminoethylamino, 2-(methylamino)ethylamino,2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino, or 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl(methyl)amino.

In one embodiment, R₃ is a 2,6-difluoro phenyl, R_(1′) is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, fluorine, or methyl; g is 1or 2; and R₁ is selected from C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), R_(b)moiety is C₁₋₁₀ alkyl or an optionally substituted aryl, preferablypropyl or 4-fluorophenyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl,preferably thiazolyl; X is (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), and n is 0. Inanother embodiment, X is (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), R_(2″) is hydrogen,n is 0, and R_(2′) is an alkyl substituted by (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′).In a further embodiment, R_(e) and R_(e′) are independently selectedfrom an optionally substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl,isopropyl, n-butyl, or t-butyl, preferably ethyl.

Another embodiment of the invention is the genus of compounds of formula(Ic), a subgenus of compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) wherein R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), and R_(b) is an optionally substitutedheteroaryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, optionallysubstituted heterocyclic and optionally substituted heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl. The remaining groups are the same as enumerated above for Formula(I) and (Ia).

In another embodiment for compounds of Formula (Ic), R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), and R_(b) is an optionally substitutedheteroaryl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.

Suitably, the heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclic andheterocyclicalkyl moieties are as defined above for Formula (I) and(Ia). A preferred heteroaryl ring is an optionally substituted thiazolylring, pyridyl, or thiophene ring.

In one embodiment of this invention, for compounds of Formula (I), (Ia),and (Ic), as well as the remaining formulas herein, R_(1′) isindependently selected hydrogen, halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, orhalo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl. In another embodiment, R_(1′) isindependently selected from hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, methyl, orCF₃. In one embodiment when R_(1′) is substituted on the phenyl ring inthe ortho position, and a second R_(1′) moiety is also substituted onthe ring, then preferably the second substitution is not in the otherortho position.

In one embodiment of the invention, g is 1 or 2.

Suitably, in one embodiment when R₃ is an aryl moiety, it is a phenylring, and the phenyl ring is optionally substituted, independently ateach occurrence, one or more times, suitably 1 to 4 times by halogen,C₁₋₄ alkyl, or halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl. The phenyl ring may suitablybe substituted in the 2, 4, or 6-position, or di-substituted in the2,4-position, such as 2-fluoro, 4-fluoro, 2,4-difluoro, 2,6-difluoro,6-difluoro, or 2-methyl-4-fluoro; or tri-substituted in the2,4,6-position, such as 2,4,6-trifluoro. Preferably, R₃ is a2,6-difluoro phenyl.

In one embodiment, R₃ is a 2,6-difluoro phenyl, R_(1′) is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, fluorine, or methyl; g is 1or 2.

In another embodiment of the present invention the compounds ofFormula(s) (I) and (Ia), (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and(IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI), (VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A),(Al), (B), and (B1), may also include for the X term the B-Non-Ar-cycmoiety as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,809,199 whose disclosure isincorporated by reference herein.

As represented by the disclosure in U.S. Pat. No. 6,809,199, Non-Ar-Cycis suitably selected from;

wherein

d is an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;

d′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1, 2, or 3;

d″ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1, 2, or 3;

e is 0, or is an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;

e′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1, 2, or 3;

e″ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1, 2, or 3;

f is 0, or is an integer having a value of 1, 2, or 3;

d+e is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6;

d′+e″=d

e′+e″=m Suitably, R_(7′), R₇₇ and R_(77″) are each independentlyselected from hydrogen, C₁₋₆ alkyl-group, C₂₋₆ alkenyl-group, C₄₋₆cycloalkyl-C₀₋₆ alkyl-group, N(C₀₋₄ alkyl)(C₀₋₄ alkyl)-C1-4 alkyl-N(C₀₋₄alkyl)-group, —N(C₀₋₄ alkyl)(C₀₋₄ alkyl) group, C₁₋₃ alkyl-CO—C₀₋₄alkyl-group, C₀₋₆ alkyl-O—C(O)—C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, C₀₋₆alkyl-C(O)—O—C₀₋₄alkyl-group, N(C₀₋₄ alkyl)(C₀₋₄ alkyl)-(C₀₋₄alkyl)C(O)(C₀₋₄ alkyl)-group, phenyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, pyridyl-C₀₋₄alkyl-group, pyrimidinyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, pyrazinyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group,thiophenyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, pyrazolyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, imidazolyl-C₀₋₄alkyl-group, triazolyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, azetidinyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group,pyrrolidinyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, isoquinolinyl-C₀₋₄alkyl-group,indanyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, benzothiazolyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-group, any of thegroups optionally substituted with 1-6 substituents, each substituentindependently being —OH, —N(C₀₋₄ alkyl)(C₀₋₄alkyl), C₁₋₄alkyl, C₁₋₆alkoxyl, C₁₋₆ alkyl-CO—C₀₋₄ alkyl-, pyrrolidinyl-C₀₋₄ alkyl-, orhalogen; or R_(7′) together with a bond from an absent ring hydrogen is═O.

Suitably, B is —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₀₋₃ alkyl-O—C₀₋₃alkyl-, —C₀₋₃alkyl-NH—C₀₋₃alkyl-, —C₀₋₃alkyl-NH—C₃₋₇cycloalkyl-,—C₀₋₃alkyl-N(C₀₋₃alkyl)-C(O)—C₀₋₃ alkyl-, —C₀₋₃ alkyl-NH—SO₂—C₀₋₃alkyl-, —C₀₋₃ alkyl-, —C₀₋₃alkyl-S—C₀₋₃ alkyl-, —C₀₋₃alkyl-SO₂—C₀₋₃alkyl-, —C₀₋₃alkyl-PH—C₀₋₃ alkyl-, C₀₋₃ alkyl —C(O)—C₀₋₃alkyl, or a direct bond.

Suitably, E₁ is CH, N, or CR₆₆; or B and E₁ together form a double bond,i.e., —CH═C.

Suitably, E₂ is CH₂, CHR₇₇, C(OH)R₇₇ NH, NR₇₇, O, S, —S(O)—, or —S(O)₂—.

Suitably, R₆₆ is independently selected from at each occurrence fromhalogen, C₀₋₄ alkyl, —C(O)—O (C₀₋₄ alkyl), or —C(O)—N(C₀₋₄ alkyl)-(C₀₋₄alkyl).

In an alternative embodiment of this invention, Non-Ary Cyc is:

In another embodiment of the present invention, the compounds ofFormula(s) (I) and (Ia), (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and(IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI), (VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A),(A1), (B), and (B1), may also include for the X term, the X moieties asdisclosed in WO 2004/073628, published September 2004, Boehm et al.,whose disclosure is incorporated by reference herein.

In another embodiment of the present invention, compounds of Formula(II) and (IIa) are represented by the structure:

wherein

-   G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen:-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of the formula:

wherein

-   G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen:-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   G₅ and G₆ are independently selected from nitrogen or CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

It should be recognized that the difference between compounds of Formula(I) and (Ia), and Formula (II) and (IIa) and those of Formulas (III) and(IIIa) through Formula (V) and (Va) lie not only in the in the ringsubstitution of the R₁ group, but the ring positions of the nitrogen inthe pyridyl ring, e.g. the G5 and G6 variables. All of the remainingvariables have the same meaning for Formulas (III) and (IIIa) throughFormula (V) and (Va) as those described herein for Formula (I) and (Ia),etc.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of the formula:

-   G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen:-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   G₅ and G₆ are independently selected from nitrogen or CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R₄ and R_(14′) together    with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic    ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

Representative examples of Formula (IV) and (IVa) are:

-   4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoic    acid-   4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-propylbenzamide-   4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide-   N-cyclopropyl-4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzamide-   4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)benzamide-   4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of the formula:

wherein

-   G₁ and G₂ are independently selected from nitrogen or carbon:-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   G₅ and G₆ are nitrogen and CH, provided that only one of G5 or G6 is    nitrogen and the other is CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R₁₀)C(Z)N(R₁₀)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of the formula:

wherein

-   G₁ and G₂ are independently selected from nitrogen or CH:-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   one of G5, G6, G7 and G8 is nitrogen and the others are CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁) O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R^(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    wherein R_(2″) is the moiety    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

It should be recognized that the difference between compounds of Formula(I) and (Ia), and Formula (II) and (IIa) and those of Formulas (VII)through Formula (VIi) lie not only in the in the ring substitution ofthe RI group, but that the ring position of the two nitrogen's in thepyrimidine ring. All of the remaining variables have the same meaningfor Formulas (VI) through Formula (VIi) as those described herein forFormula (I) and (Ia), etc.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of the formula:

wherein

-   G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen:-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   G5 and G6 are nitrogen; and-   G7 and G8 are CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of the formula:

wherein

-   G₁ and G₂ are independently selected from nitrogen or CH:-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   G6 and G8 are nitrogen; and G5 and G7 are CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)′X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀OR₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of the formula:

wherein

-   G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen;-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   G5 and G8 are nitrogen;-   G6 and G7 are CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R₁₀)C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or    —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″), is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of the formula:

wherein

-   G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen;-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄is CH;-   G6 and G7 are nitrogen;-   G5 and G8 are CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″), is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of Formula (A) and (A1):

wherein

-   G₁, and G₂ are independently nitrogen;-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄is CH;-   Y is C(R_(x))(R_(z)), C(O), N(R_(z)), N(R_(w))C(R_(y))(R_(z)),    oxygen, OC(R_(y))(R_(z)), S(O)m, or S(O)_(m)C(R_(y))(R_(z));-   R_(x) is hydrogen, C₁₋₂ alkyl, N(R_(v))₂, hydroxy, thio, C₁₋₂    alkoxy, or S(O)_(m)C₁₋₂alkyl;-   R_(y) is hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R_(z′) is hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R_(w) is hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R_(v) is independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R₁₀)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O) CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

The present invention is directed to novel compounds of Formula (A) andFormula (A1), or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. Aswill be readily recognized, the difference between compounds of Formula(A) and Formula (A1), and that of Formula (I) and (Ia) lies in thelinker Y. The respective R₁, R₂, and R₃, etc. terms are the same forboth groups. For purposes herein, everything applicable to Formula (I)is also applicable to Formula (A) unless otherwise indicated.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of Formula (B) and (B1):

wherein

-   G₁, and G₂ are independently nitrogen;-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄is CH;-   Y is C(R_(x))(R_(z)), C(O), N(R_(z)), N(R_(w))C(R_(y))(R_(z)),    oxygen, OC(R_(y))(R_(z)), S(O)m, or S(O)_(m)C(R_(y))(R_(z));-   R_(x) is hydrogen, C₁₋₂ alkyl, N(R_(v))₂, hydroxy, thio, C₁₋₂    alkoxy, or S(O)_(m)C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R_(y) is hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R_(z′) is hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R_(w) is hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R_(v) is independently selected from hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R₁₀)C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R₁₀)C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁)) O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

As will be readily recognized, the differences between compounds ofFormula (B) and Formula (B1), and that of Formula (II) and (IIa) lie inthe linker Y. The respective R₁, R₂, and R₃, etc. terms are the same forboth groups. For purposes herein, everything applicable to Formula (II)is also applicable to Formula (B) unless otherwise indicated.

In another aspect of the invention, it is the linker Y may be present ina similar manner in the same position for all of the remaining formulas,Formula's (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI),(VIa-VIi), etc., herein. The respective R₁, R₂, and R₃, etc. terms willbe the same for all the groups.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of Formula (VIII) and(VIIIa):

wherein

-   G₁, G₂ are independently nitrogen or CH, but G₁, and G₂ are not both    nitrogen;-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O) CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

In another embodiment of the present invention, for compounds of Formula(VIII) and (VIIIa) the X term may also be the B-Non-Ar-cyc moiety asdisclosed above.

In another embodiment of the present invention, for compound of Formula(VIII) and (VIIIa), and the remaining formulas, the X term may also bethe X moiety as disclosed in WO 2004/073628, published September 2004,Boehm et al., whose disclosure is incorporated by reference herein.

For purposes herein the template containing the G₁ and G₂ moieties willhave a numbering system that allows for different (R₁ and R_(1′))substituents on the phenyl, the pyridyl and pyrimidine ring at the C₄position of the pharmacophore; the X term at the C₂ position and the R₃substituent in the N₈ position.

The respective R₁, R₂, R_(x), X and R₃, etc., terms are the same forboth groups within the formulas themselves, for instance, in Formula(VIII) and (VIIIa). For purposes herein, everything applicable toFormula (VIII) is also applicable to Formula (VIIIa) unless otherwiseindicated.

It is recognized that for compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia), etc. andthose of Formula (VIII) and (VIIIa) the difference is in the allowanceof the G₁ and G₂ moieties to be carbon or nitrogen, independently. Forpurposes of brevity herein, the remaining compounds of Formulas (II) and(IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI) and(VIa-VIi), may also have the same pharmacophore template of:

Illustrative of this would be the C4 substitution from compounds offormula (II) and (IIa) on this pharmacophore template, represented bythe structure:

wherein

-   G₁, G₂ are independently nitrogen or CH, but G₁, and G₂ are not both    nitrogen;-   G₃ is CH₂;-   G₄ is CH;-   R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),    N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R₁₀)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), or    N(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b);-   R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,    C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano, nitro,    (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,    S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃;-   R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl    C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which    moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;-   X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),    (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), or    N(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′;-   X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;-   R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    —CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,    —CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—,    —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or —CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—;-   R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,    C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a    heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, wherein all of the moieties except    for hydrogen, are optionally substituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form an    optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which    ring may contain an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen,    nitrogen or sulfur;-   R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or    -   R₂ is the moiety (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be    optionally substituted;-   R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀    alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and    wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally; or    -   wherein R_(2″) is the moiety        (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃);-   A₁ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,    heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl,    or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   A₃ is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted;-   R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl,    aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,    heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of    these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted;    or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they are attached    form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members,    which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatom selected    from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen;-   R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at each    occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′)    together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a    heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains    an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′);-   R₅ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the    moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅    being SOH;-   R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen,    or C₁₋₄ alkyl;-   R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence from    hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R_(10′) is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen    or C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₁ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or    C₁₋₄alkyl;-   R₁₂ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R¹³ is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇    cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,    C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,    heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl    moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may    be optionally substituted;-   R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄    alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein    each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally    substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which    they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring    of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additional    heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′);-   g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4;-   n′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 to 10;-   m is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10;-   q′ is 0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6;-   t is an integer having a value of 2 to 6;-   v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   v′ is independently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer    having a value of 1 or 2;-   Z is independently selected at each occurrence from oxygen or    sulfur; and-   a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically    functional derivative thereof.

Therefore, compounds having the C4 position substitution from Formula(III) and (IIIa) with the G1/G2 pharmacophore template of carbon ornitrogen, would be considered compounds of Formula (X) and (Xa), etc.

It is to be understood that the present invention covers allcombinations of particular and preferred groups described hereinabove.It is also to be understood that the present invention encompassescompounds of formula (I) in which a particular group or parameter, forexample R₅, R₆, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, p, n, or q, etc. may occur morethan once. In such compounds it will be appreciated that each group orparameter is independently selected from the values listed. When anyvariable occurs more than one time in a Formula (as described herein),its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition atevery other occurrence.

Particular compounds according to the invention include those mentionedin the examples and their pharmaceutically derivatives.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means a compoundwhich is suitable for pharmaceutical and veterinary usage. Salts andsolvates of compounds of the invention which are suitable for use inmedicine are those wherein the counterion or associated solvent ispharmaceutically acceptable. However, salts and solvates havingnon-pharmaceutically acceptable counterions or associated solvents arewithin the scope of the present invention, for example, for use asintermediates in the preparation of other compounds of the invention andtheir pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable derivative” ,means any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug e.g.ester, of a compound of the invention, which upon administration to therecipient is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound ofthe invention, or an active metabolite or residue thereof. Suchderivatives are recognizable to those skilled in the art, without undueexperimentation. Nevertheless, reference is made to the teaching ofBurger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, 5^(th) Edition, Vol. 1:Principles and Practice, which is incorporated herein by reference tothe extent of teaching such derivatives. In one embodimentpharmaceutically acceptable derivatives are salts, solvates, esters,carbamates and phosphate esters. In another embodiment pharmaceuticallyacceptable derivatives are salts, solvates and esters. In yet anotherembodiment of the invention pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives aresalts and esters, in particular salts.

The compounds of the present invention may be in the form of and/or maybe administered as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. For a review onsuitable salts see Berge et al., J. Pharm. Sci., 1977, 66, 1-19.

Typically, a pharmaceutical acceptable salt may be readily prepared byusing a desired acid or base as appropriate. The salt may precipitatefrom solution and be collected by filtration or may be recovered byevaporation of the solvent.

Salts of the compounds of the present invention may, for example,comprise acid addition salts resulting from reaction of an acid with anitrogen atom present in a compound of formula (I). Salts encompassedwithin the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refer to non-toxicsalts of the compounds of this invention. Suitable addition salts areformed from acids which form non-toxic salts and examples are acetate,benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bicarbonate, bisulfate, bitartrate, borate,bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, clavulanate,citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, estolate, esylate,ethanesulphonate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate,glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide,hydrochloride, hydrogen phosphate, hydroiodide, hydroxynaphthoate,iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate, maleate,mandelate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate,monopotassium maleate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, N-methylglucamine,oxalate, oxaloacetate, pamoate (embonate), palmitate, pantothenate,phosphate/diphosphate, piruvate, polygalacturonate, saccharate,salicylate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulphate, tannate,tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide, trifluoroacetate andvalerate.

Pharmaceutically acceptable base salts include ammonium salts such as atrimethylammonium salt, alkali metal salts such as those of sodium andpotassium, alkaline earth metal salts such as those of calcium andmagnesium and salts with organic bases, including salts of primary,secondary and tertiary amines, such as isopropylamine, diethylamine,ethanolamine, trimethylamine, dicyclohexyl amine andN-methyl-D-glucamine.

Those skilled in the art of organic chemistry will appreciate that manyorganic compounds can form complexes with solvents in which they arereacted or from which they are precipitated or crystallized. Thesecomplexes are known as “solvates”. As used herein, the term “solvate”refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry formed by a solute (inthis invention, a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof) and asolvent. Such solvents for the purpose of the invention may notinterfere with the biological activity of the solute. Examples ofsuitable solvents include water, methanol, ethanol and acetic acid.Preferably the solvent used is a pharmaceutically acceptable solvent.Examples of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable solvents include water,ethanol and acetic acid. Most preferably the solvent used is water. Acomplex with water is known as a “hydrate”. Solvates of the compound ofthe invention are within the scope of the invention.

As used herein, the term “prodrug” means a compound which is convertedwithin the body, e.g. by hydrolysis in the blood, into its active formthat has medical effects. Pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs aredescribed in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Prodrugs as Novel DeliverySystems, Vol. 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series; Edward B. Roche, ed.,Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design, American PharmaceuticalAssociation and Pergamon Press, 1987; and in D. Fleisher, S. Ramon andH. Barbra “Improved oral drug delivery: solubility limitations overcomeby the use of prodrugs”, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (1996) 19(2)115-130, each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Prodrugs are any covalently bonded carriers that release a compound offormula (I) in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a patient.Prodrugs are generally prepared by modifying functional groups in a waysuch that the modification is cleaved, either by routine manipulation orin vivo, yielding the parent compound. Prodrugs include, for example,compounds of this invention wherein hydroxy or amine groups are bondedto any group that, when administered to a patient, cleaves to form thehydroxy or amine groups. Thus, representative examples of prodrugsinclude (but are not limited to) acetate, formate and benzoatederivatives of alcohol and amine functional groups of the compounds offormula (I). Further, in the case of a carboxylic acid (—COOH), estersmay be employed, such as methyl esters, ethyl esters, and the like.Esters may be active in their own right and /or be hydrolysable under invivo conditions in the human body. Suitable pharmaceutically acceptablein vivo hydrolysable ester groups include those which break down readilyin the human body to leave the parent acid or its salt.

As used herein, “optionally substituted” unless specifically definedshall mean such groups as halogen, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromineor iodine; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy, suchas methoxy or ethoxy; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; S(O)m alkyl, such asmethyl thio, methylsulfinyl or methyl sulfonyl; a ketone (—C(O)), or analdehyde (—C(O)R_(6′)), such as C(O)C₁₋₁₀ alkyl or C(O)aryl, whereinR_(6′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,heterocyclyl C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl orheteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, (and wherein the R_(6′) moieties, excludinghydrogen, may themselves be optionally substituted 1 or 2 times,independently at each occurrence by halogen; hydroxy; hydroxysubstituted alkyl; C₁₋₄ alkoxy; S(O)_(m) C₁₋₄ alkyl; amino, mono &di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino; C₁₋₄ alkyl, or CF₃); C(O)OR_(6′);NR_(4′)R_(14′), wherein R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independentlyhydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, such as amino or mono or -disubstituted C₁₋₄alkyl or wherein the R_(4′)R_(14′) can cyclize together with thenitrogen to which they are attached to form a 5 to 7 membered ring whichoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from O/N/S; C₁₋₁₀alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, t-butyl, etc.;C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl group, such ascyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopropyl methyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl, such CF₂CF₂H, or CF₃; an optionally substituted aryl, such asphenyl, or an optionally substituted arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, such as benzyl orphenethyl, wherein these aryl containing moieties may also besubstituted one to two times independently at each occurrence byhalogen; hydroxy; hydroxy substituted alkyl; C₁₋₄ alkoxy; S(O)_(m) C₁₋₄alkyl; amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino; C₁₋₄ alkyl, orCF₃.

Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known to thoseskilled in the art and include salts formed with both organic andinorganic acids or bases. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid additionsalts include those formed from hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric,citric, tartaric, phosphoric, lactic, pyruvic, acetic, trifluoroacetic,triphenylacetic, sulphamic, sulphanilic, succinic, oxalic, fumaric,maleic, malic, glutamic, aspartic, oxaloacetic, alkyl sulphonic acidderivatives, such as methanesulphonic, or ethanesulphonic, arylsulphonicacid derivatives, such as p-toluenesulphonic, m-toluenesulphonic,benzenesulphonic, camphor sulphonic, 4-chlorobenzenesulphonic,4-bromobenzenesulphonic, 4-phenylbenzenesulphonic, naphthalenesulphonicor naphthalenedisulphonic), phenylacetic, mandelic, salicylic, glutaric,gluconic, tricarballylic, cinnamic, substituted cinnamic (for example,phenyl, methyl, cynao, methoxy or halo substituted cinnamic, including4-methyl and 4-methoxycinnamic acid), ascorbic, oleic, naphthoic,hydroxynaphthoic (for example 1- or 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic),naphthaleneacrylic (for example naphthalene-2-acrylic), benzoic,4-methoxybenzoic, 2- or 4-hydroxybenzoic, 4-chlorobenzoic,4-phenylbenzoic, benzeneacrylic (for example 1,4-benzenediacrylic) andisethionic acids.

Pharmaceutically acceptable base salts include ammonium salts, alkalimetal salts such as those of sodium and potassium, alkaline earth metalsalts such as those of calcium and magnesium and salts with organicbases such as dicyclohexyl amine and N-methyl-D-glucamine.

In addition, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of Formula(I) may also be formed with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, forinstance, if a substituent group comprises a carboxy moiety. Suitablepharmaceutically acceptable cations are well known to those skilled inthe art and include alkaline, alkaline earth, ammonium and quaternaryammonium cations.

The term “halo” or “halogens” is used herein to mean the halogens,chloro, fluoro, bromo and iodo.

As used herein, the term “C₁₋₁₀alkyl” or “alkyl” or “alkyl₁₋₁₀” is usedherein to mean both straight and branched hydrocarbon chain containingthe specified number of carbon atoms, e.g. C₁₋₁₀alkyl means a straightof branched alkyl chain of at least 1, and at most 10, carbon atoms,unless the chain length is otherwise limited. Examples of “alkyl” asused herein include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,n-butyl, n-pentyl, isobutyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl or t-butyland hexyl and the like.

As used herein, the term “alkenyl” refers to straight or branchedhydrocarbon chains containing the specified number of carbon atoms andcontaining at least one double bond. For example, C₂₋₆alkenyl means astraight or branched alkenyl containing at least 2, and at most 6,carbon atoms and containing at least one double bond. Examples of“alkenyl” as used herein include, but are not limited to ethenyl,2-propenyl, 3-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl,3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, 3-hexenyl,1,1-dimethylbut-2-enyl and the like.

As used herein, the term “alkoxy” refers to straight or branched chainalkoxy groups containing the specified number of carbon atoms. Forexample, C₁₋₆alkoxy means a straight or branched alkoxy containing atleast 1, and at most 6, carbon atoms. Examples of “alkoxy” as usedherein include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy,prop-2-oxy, butoxy, but-2-oxy, 2-methylprop-1-oxy, 2-methylprop-2-oxy,pentoxy and hexyloxy.

As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to cyclic radicals, such asa non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring containing a specified number of carbonatoms. For example, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic ring containingat least three, and at most seven, ring carbon atoms. Representativeexamples of “cycloalkyl” as used herein include, but are not limited to,cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and cycloheptyl and thelike.

The term “cycloalkenyl” is used herein to mean cyclic radicals, such asa non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring containing a specified number of carbonatoms preferably of 5 to 7 carbons, which have at least one bondincluding but not limited to cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and the like.

The term “alkenyl” is used herein at all occurrences to mean straight orbranched chain radical of 2-10 carbon atoms, unless the chain length islimited thereto, including, but not limited to ethenyl, 1-propenyl,2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl and the like.

The term “aryl” is used herein to mean phenyl, naphthyl, and indene.

The terms “heteroaryl ring”, “heteroaryl moiety”, and “heteroaryl” areused herein to mean a monocyclic five- to seven-membered unsaturatedhydrocarbon ring containing at least one heteroatom selected fromoxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Examples of heteroaryl rings include, butare not limited to, furyl, pyranyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl,thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxadiazolyl,oxathiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl,pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, and uracil. The terms“heteroaryl ring”, “heteroaryl moiety”, and “heteroaryl” shall also usedherein to refer to fused aromatic rings comprising at least oneheteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Each of the fusedrings may contain five or six ring atoms. Examples of fused aromaticrings include, but are not limited to, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl,indolizinyl, azaindolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl,benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, quinazolinyl,quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, cinnolinyl, purinyl, and phthalazinyl.

The terms “heterocyclic rings”, “heterocyclic moieties”, and“heterocyclyl” is used herein to mean a monocyclic three- toseven-membered saturated or non-aromatic, unsaturated hydrocarbon ringcontaining at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen,sulphur or oxidized sulphur moieties, such as S(O)m, and m is 0 or aninteger having a value of 1 or 2. The terms “heterocyclic rings”,“heterocyclic moieties”, and “heterocyclyl” shall also refer to fusedrings, saturated or partially unsaturated, and wherein one of the ringsmay be aromatic, or heteroaromatic. Each of the fused rings may havefrom four to seven ring atoms. Examples of heterocyclyl groups include,but are not limited to, the saturated or partially saturated versions ofthe heteroaryl moieties as defined above, such as tetrahydropyrrole,tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene (includingoxidized versions of the sulfur moiety), azepine, diazepine, aziridinyl,pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, 3-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl,pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-benzdioxol-5-yl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl,indolinyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl,morpholino and thiomorpholino (including oxidized versions of the sulfurmoiety).

The term “arylalkyl” or “heteroarylalkyl” or “heterocyclicalkyl” is usedherein to mean a C₁₋₄ alkyl (as defined above) attached to an aryl,heteroaryl or heterocyclic moiety (as also defined above) unlessotherwise indicated.

The term “sulfinyl” is used herein to mean the oxide S(O) of thecorresponding sulfide, the term “thio” refers to the sulfide, and theterm “sulfonyl” refers to the fully oxidized S(O)₂ moiety.

The term “aroyl” is used herein to mean C(O)Ar, wherein Ar is as phenyl,naphthyl, or aryl alkyl derivative such as defined above, such groupinclude but are not limited to benzyl and phenethyl.

The term “alkanoyl” is used herein to mean C(O)C₁₋₁₀ alkyl wherein thealkyl is as defined above.

As used herein, the term “optionally” means that the subsequentlydescribed event(s) may or may not occur, and includes both event(s)which occur and events that do not occur.

As used herein, the term “substituted” refers to substitution with thenamed substituent or substituents, multiple degrees of substitutionbeing allowed unless otherwise stated.

It is to be understood that the present invention covers allcombinations of particular and preferred groups described hereinabove.It is also to be understood that the present invention encompassescompounds of formula (I) in which a particular group or parameter, forexample R₅, R₆, R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, n, m, or t, etc. may occur morethan once. In such compounds it will be appreciated that each group orparameter is independently selected from the values listed. When anyvariable occurs more than one time in a Formula (as described herein),its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition atevery other occurrence.

With regard to stereoisomers, the compounds of the Formulas herein mayhave one or more asymmetric carbon atom and may occur as racemates,racemic mixtures and as individual enantiomers or diastereomers. Allsuch isomeric forms are included within the present invention, includingmixtures thereof.

Cis (E) and trans (Z) isomerism may also occur. The present inventionincludes the individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the inventionand where appropriate, the individual tautomeric forms thereof, togetherwith mixtures thereof.

Separation of diastereoisomers or cis and trans isomers may be achievedby conventional techniques, e.g. by fractional crystallisation,chromatography or H.P.L.C. A stereoisomeric mixture of the agent mayalso be prepared from a corresponding optically pure intermediate or byresolution, such as H.P.L.C. of the corresponding racemate using asuitable chiral support or by fractional crystallisation of thediastereoisomeric salts formed by reaction of the corresponding racematewith a suitable optically active acid or base, as appropriate.

Furthermore, some of the crystalline forms of the compounds of theFormulas herein may exist as polymorphs, which are included in thepresent invention.

Exemplified compounds of the compounds of this invention include theracemates, or optically active forms of the compounds of the workingexamples herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compounds of this invention may be made by a variety of methods,including standard chemistry. Any previously defined variable willcontinue to have the previously defined meaning unless otherwiseindicated. Illustrative general synthetic methods are set out below andthen specific compounds of the invention are prepared in the workingExamples.

Methods of Manufacture

The compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia), (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa),(IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI), (VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX),(IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1), may be obtained by applying thesynthetic procedures described herein. The synthesis provided for isapplicable to producing compounds of the Formulas herein having avariety of different R₁, R₂, X, and R₃ groups which are reacted,employing optional substituents which are suitably protected, to achievecompatibility with the reactions outlined herein. Subsequentdeprotection, in those cases, then affords compounds of the naturegenerally disclosed. While a particular formula with particularsubstituent groups is shown herein, the synthesis is applicable to allformulas and all substituent groups herein.

Once the nucleus has been established, further compounds of Formula (I)and (Ia), (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and(Va), (VI), (VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and(B1) may be prepared by applying standard techniques for functionalgroup inter-conversion, well known in the art. For instance: C(O)NR₄R₁₄from CO₂CH₃ by heating with HNR₄R₁₄ in CH₃OH with or without catalyticor stoichiometric metal cyanide or Aluminum trimethyl, e.g. NaCN;OC(O)R₆ from OH with e.g., ClC(O)R₆ in bases such as triethylamine andpyridine; NR₁₀—C(S)NR₄R₁₄ from NHR₁₀ with an alkylisothiocyanate, orthiocyanic acid and ClC(S)NR₄R₁₄; NR₁₀C(O)OR₆ from NHR₁₀ with an alkylor aryl chloroformate; NR₁₀C(O)NR₄H from NHR₁₀ by treatment with anisocyanate, e.g. R₄N═C═O; NR₁₀—C(O)R₆ from NHR₁₀ by treatment withCl—C(O)R₆ in pyridine; C(═NR₁₀)NR₄R₁₄ from C(NR₄R₁₄)S with H₃NR₁₀ ⁺OAc⁻by heating in alcohol; C(NR₄R₁₄)SR₆ from C(S)NR₄R₁₄ with R₆—I in aninert solvent, e.g. acetone; NR₁₀SO₂R₇ from NHR₁₀ by treatment withClSO₂R₇ by heating in bases such as pyridine; NR₁₀C(S)R₆ from NR₁₀C(O)R₆by treatment with Lawesson's reagent[2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4-dithiadiphosphetane-2,4-disulfide];NR₁₀SO₂CF₃ from NHR₁₀ with triflic anhydride and base wherein R₆, R₁₀,R₄ and R₁₄ are as defined in Formula (I) herein.

Precursors of the groups R₁, R₂ and R₃, can be other R₁, R₂ and R₃, etc.groups that may be interconverted by applying standard techniques forfunctional group interconversion. For example, wherein a moiety is ahalo substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl can be converted to the corresponding C₁₋₁₀alkylN₃ derivative by reacting with a suitable azide salt, andthereafter if desired can be reduced to the corresponding C₁₋₁₀alkylNH₂compound, which in turn can be reacted with R₇S(O)₂X′ wherein X′ is halo(e.g., chloro) to yield the corresponding C₁₋₁₀alkylNHS(O)₂R₇ compound.

Alternatively wherein the moiety is a halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀-alkyl itcan be reacted with an amine R₄R₁₄NH to yield the correspondingC₁₋₁₀-alkylNR₄R₁₄ compound, or can be reacted with an alkali metal saltof R₇SH to yield the corresponding C₁₋₁₀alkylSR₇ compound.

As noted above, it may be desirable during the synthesis of thecompounds of this invention, to derivatize reactive functional groups inthe molecule undergoing reaction so as to avoid unwanted side reactions.Functional groups such as hydroxy, amino, and acid groups are typicallyprotected with suitable groups that can be readily removed when desired.Suitable common protecting groups for use with hydroxyl groups andnitrogen groups are well known in the art and described in manyreferences, for instance, Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis, Greeneet al., John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y., (2nd edition, 1991 or theearlier 1981 version). Suitable examples of hydroxyl protecting groupsinclude ether forming groups such as benzyl, and aryl groups such astert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc), silyl ethers, such as t-butyldimethyl ort-butyldiphenyl, and alkyl ethers, such as methyl connected by an alkylchain of variable link, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n). Amino protecting groups mayinclude benzyl, aryl such as acetyl and trialkylsilyl groups. Carboxylicacid groups are typically protected by conversion to an ester that caneasily be hydrolyzed, for example, trichloethyl, tert-butyl, benzyl andthe like.

Pharmaceutically acid addition salts of compounds of the variousFormulas described herein may be obtained in known manner, for exampleby treatment thereof with an appropriate amount of acid in the presenceof a suitable solvent.

An illustration of the preparation of compounds of the present inventionis shown in the scheme below. For purposes herein, the compounds inSchemes I and II are shown with an S-methyl, or S(O)₂-methyl group whichis deemed representative of the S(O)m-Rg group, as described in theformulas below.

Preparation of compounds with Formula (Ia) can be achieved throughcompound 2, which in turn may be constructed from aldehyde I as shown inScheme 1. Leaving groups (LG, described as Leaving group 1 (LG1) & LG2)in Scheme 1, and elsewhere can be independently selected from —Cl, —Br,—I, or —OTf and these groups can be installed through the transformationof another functional group (e.g. —OH) by following the methods wellknown in the art (e.g., treatment of the —OH compound with POCl₃).

Method A is for conversion of 1 to 2. Treatment of 1 with an amine R₃NH₂in the presence of an olefin forming agent, such asbis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-phosphonate or anacylating agent, such as acetic acid anhydride, meldrums acid or acetylchloride affords compound 2. While the olefin forming reagentbis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)(methoxycarbonylmethyl)phosphonate is used,alternative cyclization reagents, include, but are not limited tobis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)phosphonate,bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-(isopropoxycarbonyl-methyl)phosphonate,(diethoxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid methyl ester,(diisopropoxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid methyl ester,(diphenyloxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid methyl ester,(diethoxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid ethyl ester,(diisopropoxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid ethyl ester, or(diphenyloxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid ethyl ester. Elevated temperatures(reflux or microwave irradiations), longer reaction times (over night or24 hours) and presence of triethyl amine or diisopropyl ethyl amine orNaH (or Na) may be necessary for reaction completion. The reactionsolvents can be various organic solvents, such as chloroform, methylenechloride, acetonitrile, toluene, DMF, or n-methylpyrrolidine, DCM, THF,toluene, DMSO, or combinations thereof. While the reaction showstriethylamine as a base, suitable alternative bases can include, but arenot limited to pyridine, diisopropyl ethyl amine, or pyrrolidone, orcombinations thereof.

The reaction temperature of this particular step in the reaction schemecan be varied from room temperature to >100° C., i.e. reflux temperatureof the solvent. Alternatively, this reaction process step may beperformed under suitable microwave conditions.

Method B is for the installation of group —X [e.g., 2 to 3, 6 to (Ia),or 5 to 4]. This may or may not require first conversion of sulfide(—SMe) to sulfoxide (—SOMe) or sulfone (—SO₂Me). This conversion can beachieved using meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) in high yield andpurity. Suitable oxidation methods for use herein include use of one ortwo equivalents of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) or Oxoneetoafford either the sulfoxides or sulfones or a mixture of both. Oxidationof the sulfides to sulfoxides or sulfones can also be effected by OsO₄and catalytic tertiary amine N-oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogenperoxide/NaWO₄, and other peracids, oxygen, ozone, organic peroxides,potassium and zinc permanganate, potassium persulfate, and sodiumhypochlorite. The subsequent displacement of sulfone group —SO₂Me(likewise, all displacement reactions mentioned below may be achievedusing the sulfide —SMe or sulfoxide —SOMe) requires a suitablenucleophile (e.g., amine, alcohol) containing the unit —X. Displacementswith amines were usually done with an excess of amine inN-methylpyrrolidine (Barvian et al., J. Med. Chem. (2000), 4606-4616). Awide range of primary amines underwent this reaction with excellentyields. In some cases (e.g., in O-displacement) an anion of thenucleophile was prepared with base (usually sodium hydride) in DMF (orDMSO) and then added to the sulfone. Yields for these reactions wereusually lower. The sulfone may be displaced by primary and secondaryalkylamines without additional base catalysis, preferably in a polaraprotic solvent, such as but not limited to, N-methyl pyrrolidin-2-one(NMP), and at varying temperatures depending upon the nucleophilicity ofthe amine. For instance displacement of the sulfone with ethanolamine,in NMP, occurred in 30 min. at 65° C., while a more hindered amine suchas tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane may require elevated temperaturesand extended reaction times (80° C. over a 24 hour reaction time). Thesulfone can also be displaced by a primary or secondary amine with anadditional non-nucleophilic base (e.g. DIPEA) in aprotic solvents likeDCM, CH₃CN, NMP, and at varying temperatures depending upon thenucleophilicity of the amine.

The sulfone may also be displaced with a substituted arylamine, orheteroarylamine at elevated temperatures, sometimes requiring formationof the aryl or heteroarylamine anion with sodium hydride, or othersuitable base, in DMSO. In addition, the sulfone may be readilydisplaced with aluminum salts of aryl or heteroaryl amines as previouslydescribed in the patent literature (WO 99/32121, whose disclosure isincorporated by reference herein). Likewise, sulfone may be displacedwith aryl or heteroaryl or alkyl thiols or alkyl or aryl or heteroarylalcohols. Analogs containing sulfones as the X substituents may bedisplaced with sodium alkoxide in the alcohol, or alternatively reactivealkoxide or phenoxide nucleophiles that may be generated from thealcohol or phenol with a suitable base such as sodium, NaH or sodiumbistrimethylsilyl amide in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMSO, or runas a neat reaction. Similarly the sulfone may be displaced with carbonnucleophiles. Suitable carbon nucleophiles include, but not limited toaryl Grignard reagents, alkyl Grignard reagents or relatedorganometallics such as organo lithium, zinc, tin, copper or boron.These reactions may, in some cases, require transition metal catalysissuch as with Pd or Ni catalysts.

Method C is for coupling with appropriate aryl groups to convert 3 tocompounds with Formula (Ia) (or 2 to 6). This transformation may beachieved using, but not limited to boronic acids (e.g., CIA) underSuzuki cross-coupling conditions, employing a palladium catalyst, suchas tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0).

Alternatively, the cross-coupling may be performed using aryl orheteroaryl organozinc, (e.g., aryl/heteroaryl-ZnBr,aryl/heteroaryl-ZnCl, aryl/heteroaryl-Zn—R1), organocopper, [e.g.,(aryl/heteroaryl)2-CuLi], organotin [e.g., aryl/heteroaryl-Sn(CH₃)₃,aryl/heteroaryl —Sn(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃)₃], (e.g., C1C), or otherorganometallic reagents (e.g., C1B) known in the art [see for exampleSolberg, J.; Undheim, K. Acta Chemica Scandinavia 1989, 62-68].

Method D is for coupling of 2 (or 3 or 7) with an aryl group whosestructure has a suitable precursor (e.g., acidic group —CO₂H, estergroup —CO₂Me) to the final substituent R₁ in Formula (Ia). Thistransformation may be achieved using, but not limited to boronic acids(e.g., D1A) or protected acids (e.g., D1C, D1E) under Suzuki couplingconditions, (THF/H₂O, and K₂CO₃) employing a palladium catalyst, such astetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0). If desired, these Suzukicoupling reactions may be run under microwave conditions. The boronicacid (D1A or D1E) or ester can be synthesized either by the palladiumcatalyzed coupling of an aryl halide and4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane or thetransmetalation of an aryl halide with a Grignard reagent, e.g.,isopropylmagnesium bromide followed by a trialkylborate (e.g.,triethylborate) in a suitable solvent like THF.

Suitably the arylboronic acids, or their corresponding boronic acidesters are Aryl-boronic acid or an Aryl -boronic acid ester; e.g. ArylB(OH)₂, Aryl —B(O—C₁₋₄ alkyl)₂, or

wherein R₁, R₁₀, and R₂₀ is as defined for compounds of Formula (I)herein; and r is an integer having a value of 2 to 6.

The coupling conditions include the use of appropriate solvents. Thesesolvents include, but are not limited to dioxane, THF, DMF, DMSO, NMP,acetone, water, or a combination or a mixture thereof. Preferably, thesolvent is THF/H₂O, or dioxane/H₂O.

The coupling conditions also include the presence of catalytic amount ofcatalysts and these catalysts include, but not limited totetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium (0), PdCl2, Pd(OAc)2,(CH3CN)2PdCl2, Pd(dppf)2, or[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene]-dichloropalladium(II).

The coupling reaction may or may not require the presence of a base.Suitable bases include, but are not limited to NaHCO₃, KHCO₃, Na₂CO₃,K₂CO₃, KOAc or combination or mixture thereof. Preferably, the base isK₂CO₃ and KOAc.

The coupling reaction may or may not require heating. The heating can becarried out with a regular oil bath or microwave irradiations and thetemperature can be varied from room temperature to >100° C., i.e. refluxtemperature of the solvent.

The coupling reaction may or may not require a sealed reaction vesseland the internal pressure can be varied from one atmosphere to 100atmospheres.

The aryl or heteroaryl boronic acid or ester intermediates containingthe RI moiety, used in the Suzuki coupling reactions may or may not becommercially available and they can be prepared by utilizing propermethods in the literature known to those with appropriate training.Examples of these methods include, but not limited to palladiumcatalyzed coupling of an aryl halide and4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane or thetransmetalation of an aryl halide with a Grignard reagent, e.g.,isopropylmagnesium bromide followed by a trialkylborate (e.g.,triethylborate) in a suitable solvent. These solvents include, but notlimited to CH2Cl2, chloroform, CH3CN, benzene, THF, hexane, ethyl ether,tert-butyl methyl ether, DMSO, DMF, toluene, n-methyl-pyrrolidine,dioxane. The reaction temperature can be varied from −78° C. to >100°C., i.e. reflux temperature of the solvent. Alternatively, this reactionprocess step may or may not be performed under suitable microwaveirradiation conditions. This reaction may or may not require a sealedreaction vessal and the internal pressure can be varied from oneatmosphere to 100 atmospheres.

Alternatively, the cross-coupling may be performed using aryl orheteroaryl organozinc, organocopper, organotin (e.g., D1B), or otherorganometallic reagents (e.g., D1D) known in the art [see for exampleSolberg, J.; Undheim, K. Acta Chemica Scandinavia 1989, 62-68]. Suitablede-protection is followed if a protected precursor (e.g., D1C, D1D, D1E)is used.

This coupling reaction may be performed utilizing aryl or heteroarylorganozinc (e.g., Aryl-ZnBr, R₁—ZnCl, Aryl-Zn-Aryl), organocopper [e.g.,(Aryl)₂-CuLi], organotin (e.g., Aryl-Sn(CH₃)₃, Aryl-Sn(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃)₃],or other organometallic reagents to afford the cross-coupling product.If the desired aryl organozinc (e.g., Aryl-ZnBr, R₁—ZnCl, Aryl-Zn-Aryl),organocopper [e.g., (Aryl)₂-CuLi], organotin (e.g., Aryl-Sn(CH₃)₃,Aryl-Sn(CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃)₃], or other organometallic reagent is notcommercially available, they can readily be prepared by utilizing propermethods, known in the literature.

These types of coupling reactions require the use of appropriatesolvents. Such solvents include, but are not limited to dioxane, THF,methylene chloride, chloroform, benzene, hexane, ethyl ether, tert-butylmethyl ether or a combination or a mixture thereof. The couplingreaction may, or may not, require the presence of catalytic amount of acatalyst. Such catalysts include, but are not limited totetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0), PdCl₂, Pd(OAc)₂,(CH₃CN)₂PdCl₂, Pd(dppf)₂.

The reaction temperature can be varied from −78° C. to >100° C., i.e.reflux temperature of the solvent. Alternatively, this reaction processstep may be performed under suitable microwave irradiation conditions,if needed. This reaction may, or may not, require a sealed reactionvessel and the internal pressure can be varied from one atmosphere to100 atmospheres.

Method E is for the transformation of the suitable precursor (e.g.,acidic group —COOH in 4, 5, 9, 11, 15, 16, 17, or 18) to the finalsubstituent R₁. This type of transformations can be achieved byutilizing well-established strategies in the art. The transformation maybe done in one step (such as coupling with amines HN(R_(10′))R_(b) understandard coupling conditions e.g. EDC/HOBT/ET₃N in CH₃CN; coupling withalcohol, HOR_(b) under standard coupling conditions, e.g. DCC, DMAP inDCM to form esters or reduction to alcohol) or in more than one step(e.g., Curtuis rearrangement to form isocyanates followed by ureaformation with amines or acid chloride formation followed by addition ofan amine, HN(R_(10′))R_(b) or an alcohol, HOR_(b) plus anon-nucleophilic base, e.g. DIPEA in an aprotic solvent like DCM. Thisconversion may require a deprotection step to install the precursor atfirst (e.g., hydrolysis of —CO₂Me with LiOH/THF/water to prepare —COOH).

Preparation of compounds with Formula (Ia) can also be achieved throughcompound 7, which in turn may be constructed from aldehyde 1 as shown inScheme 2. Suitable methods from Methods A-E can be utilized to furnishappropriate conversions in Scheme 2.

Method F is for selective displacement of suitable aldehyde 1 with anamine (R₃—NH₂). This type of displacement may be achieved usingtriethylamine and the desired amine R₃NH₂ in chloroform at roomtemperature for 10 minutes. The reaction was very effective for a rangeof alkyl amines (78-95% yield). For aryl or heteroaryl amines, elevatedtemperatures (reflux or microwave irradiations), longer reaction times(overnight or 24 hours) and presence of NaH (or Na) may be necessary forreaction completion. Use of the base could be omitted when 3 or moreequivalent of desired amine were used. Other suitable bases include butare not limited to pyridine, diisopropyl ethylamine or pyrrolidine,which may also be used in an appropriate organic solvent, including butnot limited to THF, diethyl ether, DCM, DMF, DMSO, toluene or dioxane.

Method G is for cyclization of 8 to 9. It may be achieved by mixingcompound 8 with an olefin forming agent (e.g., Wittig reagents) or amideforming agent (e.g., acid, acid chloride, ester) or an agent with bothpotential reactivities such asbis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-(methoxycarbonylmethyl)-phosphonate,bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)phosphonate,bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-(isopropoxycarbonylmethyl)phosphonate,(diethoxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid methyl ester,(diisopropoxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid methyl ester,(diphenyloxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid methyl ester,(diethoxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid ethyl ester,(diisopropoxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid ethyl ester,(diphenyloxy-phosphoryl)-acetic acid ethyl ester, acetic acid,thioacetic acid, acetic acid anhydride, meldrums acid, or acetylchloride. Elevated temperatures (reflux or microwave irradiations),longer reaction times (over night or 24 hours) and presence of triethylamine, diisopropyl ethyl amine, NaOAc, or NaH (or Na) may be necessaryfor reaction completion. Reaction solvent can be DCM, THF, toluene, DMSOor DMF. During the cyclization, the protected group (—CO₂Me in 8) may ormay not be hydrolyzed. Either output may be utilized to the advantage ofexpanding structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies. If necessary,the hydrolysis can be achieved by mixing with LiOH in THF/water. Adifferent protecting group at this position (e.g., tert-butyl) mayrequire a different de-protection method (e.g., treatment with TFA).

Preparation of compounds with Formula (I) can be achieved throughcompound 14, which in turn may be constructed from aldehyde 1 as shownin Scheme 3. Suitable methods from Methods A-G can be utilized tofurnish appropriate conversions in Scheme 3.

Method H is for the reduction of a double bond that is directlyconnected to a carbonyl group [—C(═O)—]. This type of conversion can beachieved by utilizing suitable methods well documented in the literaturefor the 1,4-reduction of an enone system [e.g., —CH═CH—C(═O)—]. Thesemethods include, but not limited to, Li/NH₃, H2 (catalyst Rh—Al₂O₃),NaBH₄/CoCl₂.6H₂O, NaBH₃CN/ZnCl₂, LiHCu(n-Bu), or Et₃SiH.

Preparation of compounds with Formula (I) may also be achieved throughcompound 2, which in turn may be constructed from aldehyde 1 as shown inScheme 4. Suitable methods from Methods A-H can be utilized to furnishappropriate conversions in Scheme 4.

Preparation of compounds with Formula (I) may also be achieved throughcompound 2, which in turn may be constructed from aldehyde 1 as shown inScheme 5. Suitable methods from Methods A-H can be utilized to furnishappropriate conversions in Scheme 5.

The compounds of Formula (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and(IVa), (V) and (Va), (VI) and (VIa-VIi) may be obtained by applying thesynthetic procedures described above in Schemes 1 to 5 except suitablereagents in Method C & D should be utilized. Examples of these reagentsinclude, but not limited to those shown in Scheme 6. Suitable reagentsin Method C & D for the preparation of compounds with Formula (VIb-VIi)require the presence of G5-8 in appropriate position.

The starting material 1-Scheme 7 may be obtained from the commerciallyavailable 4,6-dihydroxy-2-methylmercaptopyrimidine by known literatureprocedures, such as those noted in Santilli et al., J. Heterocycl. Chem.(1971), 445-53, wherein POCl₃ and DMF are used.

The intermediate 2-Scheme 7 was produced by two different routes. In thefirst route, coupling of dichloro aldehyde 1-Scheme 7with aryl amines inthe presence of NaH in DMSO (Santilli et al., J. Heterocycl. Chem.(1971), 445-53) afforded the desired compound 2-Scheme 7 along withimine 13-Scheme 7. The imine was converted to aldehyde 2-Scheme 7 bytreatment with aqueous HCl in THF. Conversion of 1-Scheme 7 to 2-Scheme7may also be achieved using triethylamine and the desired amine inchloroform at room temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction was veryeffective for a range of alkyl amines (78-95% yield). For aryl amines,elevated temperatures (reflux) and longer reaction time (24 hours) werenecessary for reaction completion. Use of the base could be omitted when3 or more equivalent of amine were used. Other suitable bases, includebut are not limited to pyridine, diisopropyl ethylamine or pyrrolidine,which may also be used in an appropriate organic solvent, including butnot limited to THF, diethyl ether or dioxane.

In the second route, the nitrile 9-Scheme 7 was prepared in three stepsfrom the aldehyde 1-Scheme 7 (Santilli et al., J. Heterocycl. Chem.(1971), 445-53). Coupling of dichloro nitrile 9-Scheme 7 with arylamines in the presence of NaH in DMSO afforded the desired compound10-Scheme 7. Other suitable bases such as pyridine, diisopropylethylamine, or sodium may also be used in an appropriate organic solventsuch as THF, DMF or dioxane. Production and use of the nitrile9-Scheme-I may also be found in PCT/US01/06688, filed Mar. 2, 2001 whosedisclosure is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The nitrile 10-Scheme 7 was easily reduced with DIBAL in dichloromethaneat room temperature (Boschelliat et al., J. Med. Chem. (1998),4365-4377) to afford desired 2-Scheme 7 along with the unsubstitutedimine 13-Scheme 7 (R═H). The latter was hydrolyzed to 2-Scheme 7 in situwith HCl. Other reduction agents, such as lithium aluminum hydride,Raney Ni, or SnCl₂, may be utilized in an appropriate organic solventsuch as THF, diethyl ether or dioxane to perform the conversion of10-Scheme 7 to 2-Scheme 7.

Aldehyde 2-Scheme 7 was coupled to arylboronic acids under Suzukicoupling conditions, using a palladium catalyst, such astetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0), to afford good to excellentyields of 3-Scheme 7. Alternatively, the bi-aryl coupling reaction of2-Scheme 7 may be performed using aryl or heteroaryl organozinc,organocopper, organotin, or other organometallic reagents known toafford bi-aryl cross-coupling products such as 3-Scheme 7 [see forexample Solberg, J.; Undheim, K. Acta Chemica Scandinavia 1989, 62-68].Displacement of the chlorine in 2-Scheme 7 may also be achieved withnitrogen nucleophiles [for related aminations see U.S. Pat. Nos.3,631,045 and 3,910,913], sulphur nucleophiles, [see Tumkevicius, S.Liebigs Ann. 1995, 1703-1705], oxygen nucleophiles, or alkylnucleophiles.

3-Scheme 7 was then converted to pyridopyrimidinone 5-Scheme 7 by one ofthree procedures. The first procedure used the Wittig reaction, asmodified by Homer-Emmons, converting 3-Scheme 7 to 4-Scheme 7. In thisreaction, the aldehyde 3-Scheme 7 was treated with a suitable phosphorusylide, such as triethyl phosphonoacetate or methyldiethylphosphonoacetate, to give the olefin intermediate 4-Scheme 7. Thereaction was performed under reflux, in a suitable base, such as sodiumhydride, sodium methoxide, or sodium hydroxide, and in a suitableorganic solvent such as diethyl ether, dioxane or ethanol. Theconversion of 3-Scheme, 7 to 4-Scheme 7 may also be performed using thePeterson olefination reaction, or an aldol-based olefination reactionthat utilizes acetic anhydride, malonic acid and its monoalkyl esters,or ethyl acetate.

Heating of 4-Scheme 7 in toluene at 220° C. in a sealed tube (Matyus etal. Heterocycles (1985), 2057-64), followed by solvent removal, affordedthe desired product 5-Scheme 7. This reaction may be run in the presenceof a suitable base, such as DBU or diisopropylethyl amine, pyridine,lithium bi(trimethylsilyl)amide, or LDA and in an appropriate organicsolvent such as an organic hydrocarbon, cresol, dioxane, DMF, pyridine,or xylene.

The second procedure used a Homer-Emmons reaction with Stillmodification (Still et al., Tetrahedron Lett. (1983), 4405-8; Jacobsenet al., Tetrahedron (1994), 4323-34) to produce a mixture of desiredproduct 5-Scheme 7 and trans isomer 4-Scheme 7. Trans isomer 4-Scheme 7was isolated and converted to the desired product 5-Scheme 7 by heatingto 220° C. in toluene in a sealed tube as described above.

The third procedure involved acetylation of 3-Scheme 7, followed by theintramolecular aldol condensation, promoted by an acetylating agent(such as acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, or a ketene) and a suitablebase (such as pyridine, diispropyl ethylamine, or pyrrolidine), togenerate 5-Scheme 7 in a very good yield. The third procedure is optimalwhen R₃ is an optionally substituted aryl, or heteroaryl. When R₃ is anarylalkyl, or heteroarylalkyl substituent it is not clear that thereaction will form the key intermediate of Formula (VII), as shown below(3a-Scheme 8), which may optionally be isolated, as shown in Scheme 8below. Compounds of Formula (VII) are preferably not isolated butfurther reacted with a base or with heat to cyclize into 5-Scheme-7. Thefirst and second procedures should be utilized for all other R₃moieties.

Oxidation of the sulfide 5-Scheme 7 to the sulfone 6-Scheme 7 wasperformed using meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) in high yield andpurity. Suitable oxidation methods for use herein include use of one ortwo equivalents of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) or Oxone® toafford either the sulfoxides or sulfones. Oxidation of the sulfides tosulfoxides or sulfones can also be effected by OsO₄ and catalytictertiary amine N-oxide, hydrogen peroxide, other peracids, oxygen,ozone, organic peroxides, potassium and zinc permanganate, potassiumpersulfate, and sodium hypochlorite.

Displacements of the sulfones 6-Scheme 7 to the final products7-Scheme-7 were usually done with an excess of amine inN-methylpyrrolidine (Barvian et al., J. Med. Chem. (2000), 4606-4616). Awide range of primary amines underwent this reaction with excellentyields. In some cases (in O-displacement or sulfonamide formation) ananion of the nucleophile was prepared with base (usually sodium hydride)in dimethylformamide and then added to the sulfone. Yields for thesereactions were usually lower. Similarly related sulfones and sulfoxidesof the compounds herein wherein X is SO-alkyl or SO₂-alkyl have beenreported in the literature to be displaced by a wide variety ofnucleophiles. Thus the analogs of the compounds herein wherein X is analkyl sulfone or sulfoxide may be displaced by primary and secondaryalkylamines with or without additional base catalysis, preferably in apolar aprotic solvent, such as but not limited to, N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one (NMP), and at varying temperatures depending upon thenucleophilicity of the amine. For instance displacement of the sulfoneof analogs of Formula (I) compounds with ethanolamine, in NMP, occurredin 30 min. at 65° C., while a more hindered amine such astris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane may require elevated temperatures andextended reaction times (80° C. over a 24 hour reaction time). Thesulfone can also be displaced by a primary or secondary amine with anadditional non-nucleophilic base (e.g. DIPEA) in aprotic solvents likeDCM, CH₃CN, NMP, and at varying temperatures depending upon thenucleophilicity of the amine.

The sulfone may also be displaced with a substituted arylamine, orheteroarylamine at elevated temperatures, sometimes requiring formationof the aryl or heteroarylamine anion with sodium hydride, or othersuitable base, in DMSO. In addition, the sulfoxide analogs of Formula(I) compounds may be readily displaced with aluminum salts of aryl orheteroaryl amines as previously described in the patent literature (WO99/32121). Likewise, sulfone and sulfoxide analogs of Formula (I) and(Ia) may be displaced with aryl or heteroaryl or alkyl thiols or alkylor aryl or heteroaryl alcohols. For instance analogs of (I) containingsulfones as the X substituents may be displaced with sodium alkoxide inthe alcohol, or alternatively reactive alkoxide or phenoxidenucleophiles may be generated from the alcohol or phenol with a suitablebase such as sodium, NaH or sodium bistrimethylsilyl amide in a polaraprotic solvent such as DMSO, or run as a neat reaction. Similarlysulfones related to Formula (I) and (Ia), for instance, may be displacedwith carbon nucleophiles such as aryl or alkyl Grignard reagents orrelated organometallics such as organo lithium, zinc, tin or boron.These reactions may, in some cases, require transition metal catalysissuch as with Pd or Ni catalysts. Displacement of related 2-pyrimidinesulfones with cyanide, malonate anions, unactivated enolates, orheterocyclic C nucleophiles such as 1-methylimidazole anion, by thegeneration of the anion with NaH or other suitable base in THF also hasprecedent (see for example, Chem Pharm Bull. 1987, 4972-4976.). Forexample, analogs of Formula (I) and (Ia) compounds wherein X is an alkylsulfone may be displaced with the anion of 1-methyl imidazole, generatedby treatment of 1-methyl imidazole with n-butyl lithium in a solventsuch as THF at temperatures of about −70°, to afford the C-alkylatedproduct substituted on the imidazole C-2.

For the purposes herein, compounds of Formulas (I), (Ia), (II) and (IIa)wherein X is R₂ or NHS(O)mR₂ may be obtained from compounds of 6-Scheme7 by displacement of the sulfone using the appropriate “X” functionalityas defined in Formula (I) and (Ia). To obtain compounds of Formulas (I),(Ia), (II) and (Ia) wherein X is S(O)_(m)R₂ and R₂ is other than methyl,displacement of the sulfone on the corresponding compound 6-Scheme 7 bythiol (R₂SH) and then followed by oxidation, if desired, with anappropriate oxidating agent, such as MCPBA, or KMnO₄. Suitable oxidationmethods for use herein include use of an oxidant such as one or twoequivalents of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid or Oxone® to afford eitherthe sulfoxides or sulfones. Oxidation of the sulfides to sulfones mayalso be effected by OsO₄ and catalytic tertiary amine N-oxide. Othermethods for sulfide oxidation include the use of hydrogen peroxide,other peracids, oxygen, ozone, organic peroxides, potassium and zincpermanganate, potassium persulfate, and sodium hypochlorite.

8-Scheme 7 can be also prepared by heating the trans ester 4-Scheme 7 inalcohol in the presence of the corresponding sodium alkoxide. The yieldof this reaction was very high for primary alcohols, but longer reactiontimes were required for secondary alcohols. Sodium alkoxides may beeasily prepared from corresponding alcohol and base, such as sodium orsodium hydride.

Reduction of trans ester 4-Scheme 7 with SmI₂ gives the reduced analogue11-Scheme 7. This reduction can be also done in the presence of otherreducing agents such as hydrogen gas, lithium in liquid ammonia,magnesium or sodium borohydride in the appropriate organic solvent suchas THF, ethanol or diethyl ether.

Cyclization of the ester 11-Scheme 7 can be done utilizing sodiummethoxide in methanol to give reduced analogue 12-Scheme 7. Otherorganic bases, such as sodium, sodium ethoxide or TEA can be used in anappropriate organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol or dioxane. Theproduct 12-Scheme 7 can be also obtained by heating ester 11-Scheme 7 to150 ° C. in an appropriate organic solvent, such as toluene, xylene orisopropanol.

Additional procedures for producing similar intermediates to thoseherein, which the skilled artisan may find may be found in WO 99/41253,now U.S. Pat. No. 6,200,977; U.S. Pat. No. 6,153,619; U.S. Pat. No.6,268,310; U.S. Pat. No. 5,468,751; U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,996; and EP 1040 831.

An illustration for an alternative preparation of compounds of Formula(VII) is shown in Scheme 8 below.

Preparation of compounds with Formula (A), (A1), (B) or (B1) can beachieved from appropriate intermediates in Scheme 1 through Scheme 5using proper synthetic methods known to the scientists with appropriatetraining in the literature. An example of these types of preparations isdemonstrated, but not limited to, in Scheme 9. The preparation can beachieved by reacting compound 16 (for A or B) or 3 (for A1 or B 1) withanother reagent with appropriate structures as shown in Scheme 9employing Method I.

Method I is for the substitution of -LG₂ with appropriate compoundcontaining the structural unit of —Y—H. This can be achieved by heatingthe reaction mixtures in appropriate solvents. The heating method can beselected from either a regular oil bath or microwave irradiations.Solvents can be CH₂Cl₂, DMSO, DMF, toluene, benzene, CH₃CN or NMP. Thereaction may or may not require the presence of bases. An example of thebase can be selected from, but not limited to triethyl amine,diisopropyl ethyl amine, NaH, n-BuLi, tert-BuLi, tert-BuOK, Li₂CO3,Cs₂CO₃ and pyridine. This transformation may also require the presenceof catalytic amount of catalysts containing transition metals (e.g., Pd,Cu, Ni, or W). These catalysts include, but not limited to Pd/C,Pd(PPh₃)₄ and PdCl₂. Compounds that have Y═S(O)_(m) orS(O)_(m)C(R_(y))(R_(z)) may also be prepared by the oxidation of theircorresponding compounds with Y═S or SC(R_(y))(R_(z)). Suitable oxidationmethods for use herein include, but not limited to mCPBA, Oxone, OsO₄,H₂O₂, potassium and zinc permanganate.

Another aspect of the invention are the novel intermediates of theformula (X)

wherein

-   R₁ is an aryl ring substituted as defined in compounds of    Formula (I) and (II) inclusive;-   R₃ is an C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl,    arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or    a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which moieties are optionally    substituted;-   R_(12′) is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or arylalkyl;-   m is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; and-   Rg is a C₁₋₄ alkyl.    -   Preferably, Rg is a C₁₋₄ alkyl, and more preferably methyl.    -   Preferably, m is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2. More        preferably m is 0or 2.

Another aspect of the invention are the novel intermediates of theformula (XI)

wherein

R₃, R_(12′), m and R_(g) are as defined for Formula (VII) above; and

R₁ is a ring substituted as defined in compounds of Formula (III).

Another aspect of the invention are the novel intermediates of theformula (XII)

R₃, R_(12′), m and R_(g) are as defined for Formula (VII) above; and

R₁ is a ring substituted as defined in compounds of Formula (IV).

Another aspect of the present invention are novel intermediates of theformula (XIII)

wherein R₃, R_(12′), m and R_(g) are as defined for Formula (VII) above;and

R₁ is a ring substituted as defined in compounds of Formula (V).

Another aspect of the invention are the novel intermediates of theformula (XIV)

wherein R₃, R_(12′), m and R_(g) are as defined for Formula (VII) above;and

R₁ is a ring substituted as defined in compounds of Formula (VI).Another aspect of the present invention are the novel intermediates ofthe formula

wherein

-   R₁ is a phenyl ring substituted as defined in Formula (I) or (II);-   R₃ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl,    aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which moieties    are optionally substituted; provided that when R₃ is hydrogen, then    R₁ is other than chlorine;-   m is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; and-   Rg is a C₁₋₄ alkyl.

In one embodiment, R₃ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, or aryl.

In another embodiment the R₃ optional substituents are independentlyselected from halogen, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, or halosubstitutedalkyl.

Another aspect of the invention are the novel intermediates of Formula(XVI)

wherein

R₁ is as defined above for Formula (I) and (II) compounds, and R₃, Rg,and m is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl moiety, as definedfor Formula (VII) compounds.

Another aspect of the invention are the novel intermediates of Formula(XVII)

wherein

R₁ is defined above for Formula (III) to (VI) compounds, and R₃, Rg, andm is an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl moiety, as defined forFormula (VII) compounds.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of Formula (C) and (C1):

wherein,

-   G1, G2, G3, and G4 are as described for Formula (I) and (Ia) herein;-   m is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   Rg is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl;-   LG₂ is chlorine, bromine, iodine, or O—S(O)₂CF₃;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted, and is as defined    for compound of Formula (I) and (Ia) herein.

In one embodiment, Rg is methyl. In another embodiment, m is 0 or 1.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of Formula (D) and (D1)represented by the structure:

wherein,

-   G1, G2, G3, G4 and X are as described for compounds Formula (I) and    (Ia) herein;-   LG₂ is chlorine, bromine, iodine, or O—S(O)₂CF₃;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted (and are as defined    for compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) herein).

Another aspect of the invention compounds of Formula (E) and (E1)represented by the structure:

wherein,

-   G1, G2, G3, G4, R₁ and (R₁)_(g) are as described for compounds of    Formula (I) and (Ia) herein;-   m is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2;-   Rg is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl;-   LG₂ is chlorine, bromine, iodine, or O—S(O)₂CF₃;-   R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    aryl, aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,    heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each    of these moieties may be optionally substituted (as defined for    compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) herein).

It is also recognized that a similar set of Formulas (F) and (F1) arecontemplated when the R₁ moiety is substituted in the 3-position of thephenyl ring, as shown in compounds of Formula (II) and (IIa). Similarintermediates are also contemplated for the remaining Formulas hereinwherein the C4 position of the pharmacophore is substituted with thevarious heteroaryl rings, e.g. G5/G6, etc. of the formulas describedherein as Formula (III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), etc.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of Formula (XVIII):

wherein

-   R₁, R_(1′), g, and R₃ are as defined for Formula (I) herein.

Another aspect of the invention are compounds of Formula (XIX):

wherein

-   R₁, R_(1′), g, and R₃ are as defined for Formula (II) herein.

SYNTHETIC EXAMPLES

The invention will now be described by reference to the followingexamples which are merely illustrative and are not to be construed as alimitation of the scope of the present invention. All temperatures aregiven in degrees centigrade, all solvents are highest available purityand all reactions run under anhydrous conditions in an Ar atmospherewhere necessary.

List of Abbreviations

EDC: 1-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-3- dppf: 1,1′- ethylcarbodiimidehydrochloride Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene DMAP:4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide m-CPBA:3-Chlorobenzene- EtOAc: Ethyl acetate carboperoxoic acid HPLC: HighPressure Liquid DIPEA or DIEA: N,N- Chromatography DiisopropylethylamineDCM: Dichloromethane SPE: Solid phase extraction TFA: Trifluoroaceticanhydride MDAP: Mass directed auto preparation HATU:O-(7-Azabenzotriazol-1-yl)- HBTU: O-Benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N′,N′-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphatehexafluorophosphate NIS: N-Iodosuccinimide HOBT: 1-Hydoxybenzotriazolehydrate DMF: N,N-Dimethylformamide THF: Tetrahydrofuran IPA: isopropylalcohol M: molar DSC: differential scanning calorimetry mmol: millimolesmL: milliliters aq: aqueous mg: milligrams eq: equivalents rt: roomtemperature mp: melting point min: minutes g: grams L: liters h: hoursmol: moles satd: saturated NMP = 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone mEq:miliequivalents

Other abbreviations as used herein are described in the ACS Style Guide(American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1986), whose disclosure isincorporated by reference herein.

LC-MS Experimental Conditions:

Liquid Chromatograph System: Shimadzu LC system with SCL-10A Controllerand dual UV detector Autosampler: Leap CTC with a Valco six portinjector Column: Aquasil/Aquasil (C18 40 × 1 mm) Inj. Vol.(uL): 2.0Solvent A: H₂O, 0.02% TFA Solvent B: MeCN, 0.018% TFA Gradient: linearChannel A: UV 214 nm Channel B: ELS Time Dura. Flow Step (min) (min)(μL/min) Sol. A Sol. B 0 0.00 0.00 300.00 95.00  5.00 1 0.00 0.01 300.0095.00  5.00 2 0.01 3.20 300.00 10.00 90.00 3 3.21 1.00 300.00 10.0090.00 4 4.21 0.10 300.00 95.00  5.00 5 4.31 0.40 300.00 95.00  5.00 MassSpectrometer: PE Sciex Single Quadrupole LC/MS API-150 Polarity:Positive Acquisition mode: Profile

General Procedures

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were recorded at 400 MHz using on aBruker AC 400 spectrometer. CDCl₃ is deuteriochloroform, DMSO-d₆ ishexadeuteriodimethylsulfoxide, and CD₃OD (or MeOD) istetradeuteriomethanol. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million(δ) downfield from the internal standard tetramethylsilane (TMS) or theNMR solvent. Abbreviations for NMR data are as follows: s=singlet,d=doublet, t=triplet, q=quartet, m=multiplet, dd=doublet of doublets,dt=doublet of triplets, app=apparent, br=broad. J indicates the NMRcoupling constant measured in Hertz. Mass spectra were taken on ainstruments, using electrospray (ES) ionization techniques. Alltemperatures are reported in degrees Celsius.

Analtech Silica Gel GF and E. Merck Silica Gel 60 F-254 thin layerplates were used for thin layer chromatography. Both flash and gravitychromatography were carried out on E. Merck Kieselgel 60 (230-400 mesh)silica gel. Preparative hplc were performed using a Gilson PreparativeSystem using a Luna 5u C18(2) 100A reverse phase column eluting with a10-80 gradient (0.1%TFA in acetonitrile/0.1% aqueous TFA) or a 10-80gradient (acetonitrile/water). The CombiFlash system used forpurification in this application was purchased from Isco, Inc.CombiFlash purification was carried out using a prepacked SiO₂ column, adetector with UV wavelength at 254 nm and mixed solvents.

Heating of reaction mixtures with microwave irradiations was carried outon a Smith Creator (purchased from Personal Chemistry, Forboro/MA, nowowned by Biotage), a Emrys Optimizer purchased from Personal Chemistry)or an Explorer (provided by CEM Discover, Matthews/NC) microwave.

General Procedure for EDC Couplings

The acid is dissolved in CHCl₃ and EDC (1.1 equivalents (hereinafter“eq”) is added. The amine (2 eq.) is added dropwise followed by DMAP(cat.) and allowed to stir until the reaction is judged to be complete.The reaction mixture is washed with water. The aqueous portion isextracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate portion is washed withbrine and combined with the other organic portion, dried (MgSO₄) andconcentrated.

General Procedure for Sulfide Oxidations

The sulfide is dissolved in CHCl₃ and mCPBA (1.5eq.) is added. Themixture is allowed to stir for 30 minutes (hereinafter “min”) thenquenched with NaHCO₃. The organic portion is washed with brine and dried(MgSO₄).

General Procedure for Sulfoxide/Sulfone Displacement

The sulfoxide/sulfone is dissolved in THF and the amine (5 eq.) is addedand allowed to stir for 1 h. The mixture is concentrated in vacuo.

Example 1N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamide1a)4-chloro-8-(2,6-difuorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To the solution of phosphorus oxychloride (65 mL, 0.70 mol) intrichloroethylene (46.5 mL) was added DMF (25 mL, 0.32 mol) slowly tokeep the temperature between 5° C. to 10° C. The solution was thenwarmed up to room temperature before6-hydroxy-2-(methylthio)-4(1H)-pyrimidinone (25 g, 0.16 mol) was addedin portions. The resultant reaction mixture was heated at 80° C.overnight followed by concentration under vacuum. The resulting slurrylike residue was poured into ice, stirred for 2 hours then filtered toafford the crude product. The crude product was further purified byrecrystalization with hexane to afford4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)-5-pyrimidinecarbaldehyde (21.3 g, 61%).¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ 2.66 (s, 3 H), 10.4 (s, 1 H).

To a solution of 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)-5-pyrimidinecarbaldehyde(10.0 g, 44.8 mmol) in THF (250 mL) was added 2,6-difluoroaniline (5.35mL, 49.3 mmol, 1.1 eq) followed by Et₃N (12.6 mL, 89.6 mmol, 2 eq). Thereaction mixture was heated to 55° C. for about 22 h beforeconcentrated. The slurry was re-dissolved in DCM (250 mL) and washedwith H₂O (2×100 mL), then concentrated and further washed with acetone(2×10 mL) to give 9.87 g (70%) of pure4-chloro-6-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)amino]-2-(methylthio)-5-pyrimidinecarbaldehyde.LC-MS m/z 316 (M+H)⁺.

A solution of4-chloro-6-[(2,6-difluorophenyl)amino]-2-(methylthio)-5-pyrimidinecarbaldehyde(200 mg, 0.63 mmol) in DMF (4.0 mL) and acetic anhydride (2.0 mL) washeated with a microwave (160° C.) for about 30 minutes. The resultantmixture was then concentrated. Flash chromatography (EtOAc/Hexane, 1:5)provided the title compound (109 mg, 51%): LC-MS m/z 340 (M+H)⁺.

%). LC-MS (ES) m/z 440 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) δ 2.27 (s, 3 H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 6.71 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.28 (t, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.57 (d, J=8.4 Hz,1 H), 7.64 (m, 2 H), 8.00 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1 H), 8.14 (dd, J₁=7.6 Hz,J₂=1.6 Hz, 1 H).

1c)N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-[8-2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (246.0 mg, 0.5 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10.0 ml) was added DMAP (122.0 mg,1.0 mmol), EDC (115.0 mg, 0.6 mmol), HOBT (81.0 mg, 0.6 mmol), and1-cyclopropylmethanamine (71.0 mg, 1.0 mmol). The reaction mixture wasstirred for about 14 h at room temperature and concentrated. It was thendiluted with H₂O (5.0 mL) and EtOAc (10.0 mL). The organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). Thecombined organic layers were washed with saturated aq. NaCl, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification via the CombiFlashsystem (hexane:ethylacetate=3:1) then affordedN-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide(210.0 mg, 85%): LC-MS m/z 493 (M+H)⁺, 2.33 min (ret. time).

To a solution ofN-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide(493.0 mg, 1.0 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15.0 mL) was added m-CPBA (449.0 mg, 2.0

1b)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid

To a stirring solution of 3-iodo-4-methylbenzoic acid (60 g, 0.22 mol, 1eq) in degassed DMF (1400 mL, 23.3 vol.) was charged4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (81.4 g, 0.32mol, 1.4 eq) followed by potassium acetate (112 g, 1.14 mole, 5eq) and[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]-dichloropalladium(II) (18.7 g,0.02 mole, 0.1 eq). The resulting mixture was placed under a nitrogenatmosphere and was heated to 80° C. with the exclusion of lightovernight. The mixture was then concentrated under high vacuum and theresidue partitioned between EtOAc and 2M HCl. The mixture was thenfiltered and the layers separated. The aqueous phase was re-extractedwith EtOAc. The combined organics were then washed with brine, dried andevaporated to yield a brown solid that was applied to a silica plug theneluted with 2:1 cyclohexane:ethyl acetate. Fractions were then combinedand evaporated to yield a brown foam that was triturated withcyclohexane, collected by filtration then dried in vacuo to yield4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid. δ(CDCl₃) 8.50-8.49 (1H, d), 8.04-8.02 (1H, dd), 7.27-7.25 (1H, d), 2.61(3H, s), 1.36 (12H, s).

The solution of 4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one (1.70 g, 5.00 mmol) in DME (150 mL) andH₂O (50 mL), in a pressure flask (500 mL, Chemglass), was added4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl) benzoic acid(1.97 g, 7.50 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (4.15 g, 30.0 mmol). The resulting mixturewas degassed with Argon for 5 minutes, mixed with Pd(PPh₃)₄ (0.232 g,0.20 mmol) and heated with a preheated oil bath (160° C.) under vigorousstirring for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered throughcelite, concentrated under vaccum to remove DME. It was then mixed withEtOAc (200 mL) and AcOH (2.5 mL), and shaked. The layers were separated.The organic layer was collected, further washed with brine (70 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated and purified via a flashchromatography (load column with DCM, mobile phase EtOAc/Hexane) toafford the title compound as a white solid 2.15 g (98 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred for about 12 h at room temperature andconcentrated. It was diluted with H₂O (5.0 mL) and EtOAc (20.0 mL). Theorganic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturatedaq. NaCl, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purificationvia the CombiFlash system (hexane:EtOAc=4:1) the afforded the titlesulfone compound (490.0 mg, 93%): LC-MS m/z 526 (M+H)⁺, 2.00 min (ret.time)

1d)N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamide

To a solution ofN-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfone-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamide(50.0 milligrams (hereinafter “mg”), 0.095 millimoles (hereinafter“mmol”)) in THF (5.0 milliliters (hereinafter “mL”)) was added2-amino-3-propanediol (10.0 mg, 0.105 mmol, 1.1 eq). The reactionmixture was stirred for about 4 hours (hereinafter “h”) at roomtemperature and concentrated. Purification via a CombiFlash system(DCM:MeOH=1:10) then afforded the title compound: LC-MS m/z 536 (M+H)⁺,1.70 min (ret time).

Example 2N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide2a) 1,1-dimethylethyl4-{[4-(5-{[(cyclopropylmethyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-1-piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedure in Example 1dfrom N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfone-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-amino-1-piperidinecarboxylate.

2b)N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To a solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl4-{[4-(5-{[(cyclopropylmethyl)-amino]carbonyl}-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-1-piperidinecarboxylatein THF (2 mL) was added TFA (3.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirredfor about 12 h and concentrated. The residue was mixed with H₂O (5.0 mL)and EtOAc (20.0 mL) and the resultant mixture was basified with 2.5 NNaOH aqueous (hereinafter “aq”) solution. The organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). Thecombined organic phases were washed with saturated aq. NaCl, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification via a CombiFlash system(DCM:MeOH=10:1) then afforded the title compound: LC-MS m/z 545 (M+H)⁺,1.65 min (ret. time).

Example 3N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1d fromN-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfone-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamideand 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine: LC-MS m/z 601 (M+H)⁺, 1.75 min(ret. time)

Example 4N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-{8-(2,6-difuorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1d fromN-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfone-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamideand N-methyl-1,2-ethanediamine: LC-MS m/z 519 (M+H)⁺, 1.60 min (ret.time).

Example 5N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1d fromN-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfone-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamideand (1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine dihydrochloride: LC-MS m/z 542 (M+H)⁺,1.61 min (ret. time).

Example 63-[2-[(2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino]-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 fromN-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfone-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl [2-(methylamino)ethyl]carbamate: LC-MS m/z 519(M+H)⁺, 1.62 min (ret. time).

Example 7N-{3-[-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamide 7a)4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To a solution of 3-iodo-4-methylaniline (110.0 mg, 0.47 mmol) in dioxane(1.0 mL) was added (under argon) triethylamine (0.26 mL, 1.86 mmol),palladium diacetate (5.2 mg, 0.023 mmol), 2-(dicyclophexyl phosphino)biphenyl (33.0 mg, 0.093 mmol), and pinacolborane (0.20 mL, 1.40 mmol).The mixture was stirred at about 80° C. for about 1 hour, cooled to roomtemperature (rt), and added with water (0.2 mL), barium hydroxideoctahydrate (440.0 mg, 1.40 mmol) and4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(180.0 mg, 0.47 mmol). The mixture was heated at about 100° C. understirring for about 1 hour, cooled to room temperature, filtered throughcelite, and diluted with brine (5.0 mL). The mixture was then extractedwith CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification via the CombiFlashsystem then afforded the title compound (155.0 mg, 75%): LC-MS m/z 411(M+H)⁺, 2.60 min (ret. time).

7b)N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamide

To a solution of4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(411.0 mg, 1.0 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) at 0° C. was added Et₃N (200.0mg, 2.0 mmol, 2.0 eq), DMAP (5.0 mg, 0.2 mmol, 0.2 eq) and2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride (292.0 mg, 2.0 mmol, 2.0 eq). Afteraddition the reaction mixture was stirred for about 14 h at ambienttemperature. The mixture was concentrated and mixed with H₂O (5.0 mL)and EtOAc (20.0 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueouslayer was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic phaseswere washed with saturated aq. NaCl solution, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. Purification via a CombiFlash system(hexane:EtOAc; 4:1) then afforded the title compound: LC-MS m/z 521(M+H)⁺, 2.57 min (ret time).

7c)N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamide

To a solution ofN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamide(521.0 mg, 1.0 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (15.0 mL) was added m-CPBA (449.0 mg, 2.0mmol, 2.0 eq). The reaction mixture was stirred for about 14 h at roomtemperature, concentrated, and mixed with H₂O (5.0 mL) and EtOAc (20.0mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic phases were washed withsaturated aq. NaCl solution, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. Purification via a CombiFlash system (hexane:EtOAc; 4:1)then afforded the title compound: LC-MS m/z 553 (M+H)⁺, 2.30 min (rettime).

7d)N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-amino-1-piperidinecarboxylate. LC-MS m/z 573(M+H)⁺, 1.90 min (ret time).

Example 8N-{3-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-piperidinylcarbamate: LC-MS m/z 573 (M+H)⁺, 1.90min (ret time).

Example 9N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinylamino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1d fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamideand 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine: LC-MS m/z 629 (M+H)⁺, 2.0 min(ret time).

Example 10N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-2-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1 d fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamideand (1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine dihydrochloride: LC-MS m/z 570 (M+H)⁺,1.70 min (ret time).

Example 11N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-2-thiophenecarboxamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl (2-aminoethyl)methylcarbamate: LC-MS in/z 547(M+H)⁺, 1.80 min (ret time).

Example 12N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-4-fluoro-3-methylbenzamide12a)N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-4-fluoro-3-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 7b from4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-oneand 4-fluoro-3-methylbenzoyl chloride: LC-MS m/z 547(M+H)⁺, 2.70 min(ret time).

12b)N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-4-fluoro-3-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 7c fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-4-fluoro-3-methylbenzamideand m-CPBA: LC-MS m/z 580 (M+H)⁺, 2.40 min (ret time).

12c)N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-4-fluoro-3-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-4-fluoro-3-methylbenzamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-amino-1-piperidinecarboxylate: LC-MS m/z 599(M+H)⁺, 1.98 min (ret time).

Example 13N-{3-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-4-fluoro-3-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-4-fluoro-3-methylbenzamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-piperidinylcarbamate: LC-MS m/z 599 (M+H)⁺, 1.99min (ret time).

Example 146-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-y]l-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamide14a)6-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 7b from4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-oneand 6-chloro-3-pyridinecarbonyl chloride: LC-MS m/z 550 (M+H)⁺, 2.63 min(ret time).

14b)6-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 7c from6-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamideand m-CPBA: LC-MS m/z 582 (M+H)⁺, 2.30 min (ret time).

14c)6-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 from6-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-amino-1-piperidinecarboxylate: LC-MS m/z 602(M+H)⁺, 1.75 min (ret time).

Example 15N-{3-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-6-chloro-3-pyridinecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 from6-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamideand 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-piperidinylcarbamate: LC-MS m/z 602 (M+H)⁺, 1.75min (ret time).

Example 166-chloro-N-(3-{8-(2,6-difuorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1d from6-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamideand 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine: LC-MS m/z 658 (M+H)⁺, 1.92 min(ret time).

Example 176-chloro-N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-pyridinecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1d from6-chloro-N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-pyridinecarboxamideand (1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine dihydrochloride: LC-MS m/z 599 (M+H)⁺,1.92 min (ret time).

Example 18N-cyclopropyl-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzamide18a) 3-fluoro-5-iodo-4-methylbenzoic acid

The benzoic acid (1.54 g, 0.01 mol) is dissolved intrifluoromethanesulfonic acid (10 mL) and cooled to about 0° C. NIS(2.25 g. 0.01 mol) is added in several portions over a 6 h period whilemaintaining the reaction temperature at about 0° C. The mixture isallowed to warm to rt. overnight. The reaction mixture is then pouredover ice and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The organic layers arewashed (Na₂S₂O₅) and concentrated. The material is carried on crude.

18b) N-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-5-iodo-4-methylbenzamide

The crude acid from Example 18a (˜1.5 g) is dissolved in thionylchloride (75 mL) and heated to 80° C. for about 2 h. The mixture is thencooled to room temperature and stirred under N₂ overnight. The mixtureis concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in 15 mL DCM. Na₂CO₃ (3 g) isadded along with the cyclopropyl amine (0.69 mL, 0.01 moles (hereinafter“mol”)). The mixture is allowed to stir overnight and purified via flashchromatography (5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂) to afford 0.904 g of the title compound.

18c)N-cyclopropyl-3-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide

The iodo compound from Example 18b (0.904 g, 2.83 mmol) is dissolved inDMF (30 mL). Bis-pinicalato-diborane (1.44 g, 2.83 mmol) is addedfollowed by PdCl₂.dppf (55 mg) and potassium acetate (1.38 g, 14.15mmol). The mixture are stirred for about 18 h, concentrated in vacuo andpurified via flash chromatography to afford the title compound (60 mg).

18d)4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}pyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To a solution of4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(2.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added m-cPBA (0.63 g, 4.0mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10minutes, then concentrated under vaco. Flash chromatography(EtOAc/Hexane, 1:3) afforded4-chloro-2-methylsulfinyl-8-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one(88%): LC-MS m/z 356 (due to solventlysis with methanol, M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 2.85 (s, 3H), 7.03 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.53 (m,1H), 8.18 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H).

A solution of4-chloro-2-methylsulfinyl-8-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one(0.75 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) was mixed with a solution ofserinol (0.075 g, 0.82 mmol) and Et₃N (0.21 mL, 1.5 mmol) in DMF (0.75mL). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 1hour, then concentrated under vaccum. Flash chromatography(EtOAc:Hexane, 3:1) provided the title compound4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxy-methyl)ethyl]amino}pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(42%): LC-MS m/z 383 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 1.95 (s, br, 2H), 3.90 (m,br, 5H), 6.05 (m, br, 1H), 6.56 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (m, 2H), 7.48(d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.94 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H).

18e)N-cyclopropyl-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzamide

The chloride (0.056 g, 0.17 mmol), borate ester (0.065 g, 0.17 mmol),K₂CO₃ (0.07 g, 0.51 mmol) and tetrakis triphenyl phosphine palladium (10mg, 0.05 eq) are dissolved in dioxane/water (3:1, 10 mL) and heated toabout 100° C. for about 3 h. The mixture is concentrated and purifiedvia reverse phase HPLC to afford the title compound (9 mg, yellowpowder, mp 214.2-217.5): LC-MS in/z 540 (M+H)⁺, 1.69 min (ret time).HPLC indicates 96% pure.

Example 193-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide19a)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido]2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid and 4-fluoroaniline by following the General Procedure for EDCcouplings as disclosed in the general experimental section above. Crudereaction mixture was purified via flash chromatography (EtOAc:Hexanes,2:1) to afford the title compound (0.125 g, 34%).

19b)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound (0.105 g, 79%) was prepared by following the GeneralProcedure for sulfide oxidations, as disclosed above.

19c)3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound is prepared by following the General Procedure forSulfoxide/Sulfone/sulfone displacement as disclosed above. Concentratedreaction mixture is purified via reversed-phase HPLC to give the desiredcompound as a white solid (43 mg, 39%): LC-MS m/z 576 (M+H)⁺, 1.89 min(ret time). HPLC (254 nm) indicates 90% pure.

Example 203-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures as describedin Example 19 using 2-phenylethanamine for the amide formation: LC-MSm/z 586 (M+H)⁺, 1.82 min (ret time).

Example 213-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)benzamide21a)N-cyclopropyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

The borate ester (0.683 g, 2.27 mmol), chloride (0.768 g, 2.27 mmol),K₂CO₃ (0.941 g, 6.81 mmol) and tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium (131mg, 0.11 mmol) are dissolved in dioxane/water (3:1) and heated at refluxfor about 4 h. The reaction mixture is then taken up in ethyl acetateand washed with water, brine and dried with Na₂SO₄. The concentratedmixture was purified via flash chromatography to give the desiredproduct (0.6 g, 55%).

21b)N-cyclopropyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound is prepared according to the General Procedure forsulfide oxidation, as disclosed above. It is concentrated to give thedesired product as a yellow powder (0.3 g, 49%).

21c)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)benzamide

The title compound is prepared according to the General Procedure forSulfoxide/Sulfone/Sulfone Displacement, as disclosed above. Theconcentrated reaction mixture is precipitated with DMSO/water, andfiltered. The desired product is obtained as a white solid (m.p.326.3-327.9) 95% pure by,HPLC (55 mg, 45%): LC-MS m/z 587 (M+H)⁺, 1.74min (ret time).

Example 223-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-cyclopropyl-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound is prepared from compoundN-cyclopropyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamideand 4-piperidinamine by following the General Procedure forSulfoxide/Sulfone/Sulfone Displacement, as disclosed above. Theconcentrated reaction mixture is precipitated with ethylacetate/hexanes, and filtered. The desired product is obtained as ayellow solid (75 mg, 100%) 94% pure by HPLC: LC-MS m/z 531 (M+H)⁺, 1.65min (ret time).

Example 23N-cyclopropyl-3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylbenzamide

N-cyclopropyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide(0.1 g, 0.2 mmol) is dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine dihydrochloride (0.053 g, 0.4 mmol) isadded followed by triethylamine (0.167 mL, 1.2 mmol). The mixture isheated to about 60° C. for about 3 h. The reaction is judged to becomplete by LCMS and the crude mixture is purified via reversed-phaseHPLC. HPLC indicates 95% pure (254 nm) and the desired product isobtained as a white powder (54 mg, 50%): LC-MS m/z 528 (M+H)⁺, 1.45 min(ret time).

Example 24N-cyclopropyl-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-{[2-(propylamino)ethyl]amino}-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound is prepared fromN-cyclopropyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamideand N-propyl-1,2-ethanediamine following the General Procedure forSulfoxide/Sulfone Displacement, disclosed above. The concentratedreaction mixture is purified via reversed-phase HPLC. The desiredproduct is obtained as a yellow solid (m.p. 120-134) >95% pure by HPLC(65 mg, 61%): LC-MS m/z 533 (M+H)⁺, 1.84 min (ret time).

Example 253-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)benzamide

The title compound is prepared from the compound fromN-cyclopropyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamideand N,N′-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine by following the General Procedurefor Sulfoxide/Sulfone Displacement, disclosed above. The concentratedreaction mixture is purified via reversed-phase HPLC. The desiredproduct is obtained as an off-white solid (m.p. 214.7-217.5° C.) >95%pure by HPLC (69 mg, 67%): LC-MS m/z 519 (M+H)⁺, 1.54 min (ret time).

Example 263-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound is prepared from the acid from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanamine for the amide formation and2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine for the displacement reaction:LC-MS m/z 669 (M+H)⁺, 2.03 min (ret time).

Example 273-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound is prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using(cyclopropylmethyl)amine for the amide formation and 4-piperidinaminefor the displacement reaction: LC-MS m/z 545 (M+H)⁺, 1.63 min (rettime).

Example 283-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinylamino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide

The title compound is prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using 2-phenylethanaminefor the amide formation and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine for thedisplacement reaction: LC-MS m/z 651 (M+H)⁺, 1.87 min (ret time).

Example 293-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide

The title compound is prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using 2-phenylethanaminefor the amide formation and (2-aminoethyl)methylamine for thedisplacement reaction: LC-MS m/z 569 (M+H)⁺, 1.69 min (ret time).

Example 303-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide

The title compound is prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using 2-phenylethanaminefor the amide formation and (1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)aminedihydrochloride for the displacement reaction: LC-MS m/z 592 (M+H)⁺,1.77 min (ret time).

Example 31N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinylamino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide31a) N-(3-iodo-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide

3-Thiophenecarboxylic acid (2.0 g, 15.6 mmol) was dissolved in methylenechloride (100 mL) and 2 drops of DMF were added. The mixture was cooledto about 0° C. and oxalyl chloride (1.5 mL, 17.1 mmol) was added slowlyand allowed to warm to room temperature. Gas evolution was observedduring warming. 3-Methyl-4-iodoaniline (5.45 g, 23.5 mmol), 4 drops ofpyridine and K₂CO₃ (2.58 g, 18.7 mmol) are dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL)and cooled to about 0° C. After about 1 h, the acid chloride mixture isslowly added to the cooled aniline mixture and allowed to warm to roomtemperature and stirred for about 18 h. The resulting mixture isfiltered, washed with ethyl acetate and the filtrate is concentrated toa brown oil. The crude material was purified via flash chromatography(10-30% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to afford the desired product (1.56 g,29%) as an off-white solid.

31b)N-[4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-thiophenecarboxamide

The iodide from Example 31a (1.56 g, 4.5 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboran(2.3 g, 9.0 mmol), potassium acetate (2.21 g, 22.5 mmol) and PdCl₂.dppf(0.15 g, 0.225 mmol) are dissolved in DMF (50 mL) and heated to about85° C. for about 24 h. The mixture was then concentrated to an oil andethyl acetate and water were added. The organic portion was washed withbrine and dried (Na₂SO₄). The concentrated organic layer was purifiedvia flash chromatography to give the desired product (0.212 g, 13%).

31c)N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared from the compound from Example 31baccording to the procedures in Example 1b. Flash chromatography followedby recrystallization (ethyl acetate) afforded the desired compound(0.292 g, 90%).

31d)N-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared from the compound from Example 31caccording to General Procedure for Sulfide Oxidation. The desiredcompound was obtained without need for purification (0.08 g, 63%).

31e)N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-thiophenecarboxamideand 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine according to General Procedurefor Sulfoxide/Sulfone Displacement, described above. The concentratedreaction mixture was slurried with acetonitrile and filtered. The solidwas recrystallized from methanol/water to afford the desired product asa crystalline solid (0.2 g, 16%). HPLC indicated >99% pure: LC-MS m/z629 (M+H)⁺, 1.86 min (ret time).

31f)N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamidehydrochloride

Added IPA (5 mL) toN-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide(196.5 mg) and heated to about 60° C. Added hydrochloric acid (1.1 eq;1M in water), and solution mostly clarified. After a few minutes atabout 60° C., crystallization had already begun, then cooled to RT.Stirred for about 3 hrs at rt, then filtered, washed with IPA, and driedto provide the title compound (160.9 mg).

31g)N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide4-methylbenzenesulfonate

Added IPA (5 mL) toN-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide(203.2 mg) and heated to 60° C. Added p-toluenesulfonic acid (1.1 eq; 1M in water), and solution clarified. After a few minutes at about 60°C., cooled to rt. Stirred for about 3 hrs at rt, then filtered, washedwith IPA, and dried in vacuum oven at 50° C. to provide the titlecompound (123.9 mg). Melting point (tested with DSC) is 335° C.

31h)N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamidemethanesulfonate

Added 320 uL of CH₃CN toN-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide(16.0 mg) and heated to about 60° C. Added methanesulfonic acid (1.1 eq;1M in IPA), and solution clarified except for tiny amount stuck tobottom. After a few minutes at about 60° C., cooled to rt. Got lots ofwhite precipitate. Stirred overnight at rt. Next day, filtered and driedto provide the title compound (3.5 mg). Melting point (tested with DSC)is 331° C.

31i)N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamidehydrobromide

Added 400 uL of acetone toN-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide(9.8 mg), mostly dissolved. Added hydrobromic acid (1.1 eq; 1M inwater). After about 2.5 weeks, small amounts of crystals were seen. Thecap was loosened and let to evaporate overnight. This resulted in morecrystals the next day. To this was added back 50 uL of acetone, filteredand dried to provide the title compound.

31i)N-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamidesulfate

Added 400 uL of acetone toN-(3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylphenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide(9.1 mg), mostly dissolved. Added sulfuric acid (1.1 eq; 1M in water).After about 2.5 weeks, a lot of crystals were seen, and this wasfiltered and dried to provide the title compound.

Example 32N-{3-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-thiophenecarboxamide

The title compound was prepared fromN-{3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylphenyl}-3-thiophenecarboxamideand 4-piperidinamine according to General Procedure forSulfoxide/Sulfone Displacement, described above. The concentratedreaction mixture was purified via reversed-phase HPLC to give thedesired compound as a light tan powder (0.041 g, 32%). HPLC indicatedthe material to be >95% pure (m.p. 183.8-187.9): LC-MS m/z 573 (M+H)⁺,1.79 min (ret time).

Example 333-[2-[(2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino]-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide(50 mg, 0.09 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added N-methyl-1,2-ethanediamine(0.044 mL, 0.5 mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under vacuo. Flashchromatography (90% CH₂Cl₂/7% MeOH/3% NH₄OH) then provide the titlecompound (8.0 mg, 16%). LC-MS (ES) m/z 559 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 2.35(s, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.86 (m, 1H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 3.35(m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.77 (m, 1H), 6.36 (d, 1H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.25(m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.92(s, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H).

Example 343-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[]3-(dimethylamino)propyl](methyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using 2-propanamine forthe amide formation and N,N,N′-trimethyl-1,3-propanediamine for thedisplacement reaction (88%). LC-MS (ES) m/z 549 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ1.27 (d, 6H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m, 6H),2.33 (m, 4H), 2.86 (m, 1H), 3.19 (m, 2H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.70 (m, 1H),4.30 (m, 1H), 6.00 (m, 1H), 6.33 (d, 1H), 7.10 (t, 2H), 7.30 (m, 2H),7.42 (d, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, 1H).

Example 35N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3-thiophenecarboxamide

To a solution of4-chloro-2-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethylamino)-8-(2,4-difluoro-phenyl)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one(40.0 mg, 0.105 mmol) in dioxane/H₂O (3:1, 4.8 mL) was addedN-[4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]-3-thiophenecarboxamide (53.9 mg, 0.157 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (58.0 mg, 0.420 mmol). Theresultant mixture was bubbled with argon for 5 minutes, then added byPd(PPh₃)₄ (2.4 mg, 0.0021 mmol). The reaction tube was sealed and heatedin “Smith Creator” (microwave, 150° C.) for about 15 minutes. Themixture was concentrated under vacuo. Flash chromatography(EtOAc/Hexane, 3:1) then provided the title compound (50.0 mg, 85%):LC-MS (ES) m/z 564 (M+H)⁺, ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 2.24 (s, 3H), 3.63 (m, 5H),6.38 (m, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.39 (d, 1H), 7.65 (m, 6H), 8.24 (s, 1H).

Example 36N-cyclopropyl-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared from4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-oneby following the procedures of Example 35 using3-N-cyclopropyl-4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzamide for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction (29.6 mg, 55%): LC-MS(ES) m/z 522 (M+H)⁺, ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 0.65 (m, 2H), 0.81 (m, 2H), 2.31 (s,3H), 2.87 (m, 1H), 3.64 (m, 5H), 6.39 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d,1H), 7.51 (d, 1H), 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.91 (m, 1H).

Example 37N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3-isoquinolinecarboxamidetrifluoroacetate 37a)4-(5-amino-2-methyl-phenyl)-8-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one

The title compound was prepared from4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline byfollowing the procedures in Example 18e.

37b)N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3-isoquinolinecarboxamidetrifluoroacetate

To isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (11.5 mg, 0.066 mmol, 1 eq) was addedHATU (38.02 mg, 0.1 mmol, 1.5 eq) in DMF (250 uL). DIPEA (34.84 uL, 0.2mmol, 3 eq) was then added. The resulting mixture was then allowed tostand for about 5 minutes before4-(5-amino-2-methyl-phenyl)-8-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-2-(2-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-ethylamino)-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one(30.23 mg, 0.066 mmol, 1 eq) was added. The resulting mixture was shakento ensure efficient mixing of the reagents then was left to standovernight. The solvent was then removed in vacuo. The residue wasdissolved in methanol and was then placed down an aminopropyl SPEflushing the column with methanol. The elute from the SPE was thentreated with NaOH (2 M, 200 uL) and the mixture was allowed to stand forabout 1 hr. This was followed by HCl (2M, 200 uL) then the solvent wasremoved in vacuo. The residue was purified by MDAP. LC-MS m/z 609(M+H)⁺, 3.31 min (ret time).

Example 386-chloro-N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 6-chloro-3-pyridinecarboxylic acidby following the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 593 (M+H)⁺, 2.99min (ret time).

Example 39N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenecarboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 2-hydroxy-1-naphthalenecarboxylicacid by following the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 624 (M+H)⁺,3.37 min (ret time).

Example 40N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-4-fluoro-1-naphthalenecarboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 4-fluoro-1-naphthalenecarboxylicacid by following the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 626 (M+H)⁺,3.32 min (ret time).

Example 41N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-5-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 5-methyl-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acidby following the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 574 (M+H)⁺, 2.86min (ret time).

Example 42N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-1H-indole-5-carboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 597 (M+H)⁺, 3.06 min(ret time).

Example 433-amino-N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]benzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 3-aminobenzoic acid by followingthe procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 573 (M+H)⁺, 2.77 min (rettime).

Example 44N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-1H-indole-7-carboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 1H-indole-7-carboxylic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 597 (M+H)⁺, 3.27 min(ret time).

Example 45N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-(3-methylphenyl)acetamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from (3-methylphenyl)acetic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 586 (M+H)⁺, 3.15 min(ret time).

Example 46N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3,4-dimethylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 586 (M+H)⁺, 3.25 min(ret time).

Example 47

N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3-fluoro-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 3-fluoro-4-methylbenzoic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 590 (M+H)⁺, 3.23 min(ret time).

Example 48N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido]2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 3,5-dihydroxy-4-methylbenzoic acidby following the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 604 (M+H)⁺, 2.88min (ret time).

Example 492-(2,3-difluorophenyl)-N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]acetamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from (2,3-difluorophenyl)acetic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 608 (M+H)⁺, 3.12 min(ret time).

Example 502-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]acetamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from (3,5-difluorophenyl)acetic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 608 (M+H)⁺, 3.17 min(ret time).

Example 51N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-carboxylicacid by following the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 562 (M+H)⁺,2.65 min (ret time).

Example 524-[(3-{[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]amino}-3-oxopropyl)amino]-4-oxobutanoicacid trifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from3-(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-propanoic acid by following the proceduresin Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 607 (M+H)⁺, 2.56 min (ret time).

Example 53N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 548 (M+H)⁺, 2.74 min(ret time).

Example 54N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-thiophenecarboxamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid byfollowing the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 564 (M+H)⁺, 3.03 min(ret time).

Example 55N-[3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylphenyl]-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxylacetamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared from [(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxy]aceticacid by following the procedures in Example 37b: LC-MS m/z 594 (M+H)⁺,2.96 min (ret time).

Example 563-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide56a)4-Methyl-N-propyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzamide

To 4-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzoicacid (524 mg, 2 mmol, 1 eq) was added HBTU (642 mg, 2 mmol, 1 eq) in DMF(5 mL). DIPEA (700 uL, 4 mmol, 2 eq) was then added in 100 uL portions.After 10 min propylamine (328 uL, 4 mmol, 2 eq) was then added and themixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was thenremoved in vacuo. The residue was then dissolved in chloroform andpurified by aminopropyl SPE: LC-MS m/z 304 (M+H)⁺, 3.37 min (ret time).

56b)3-[8-(2,6-Difluoro-phenyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propyl-benzamide

To4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-8H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7one (200 mg, 0.589 mmol, 1 eq) and4-methyl-N-propyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-benzamide(268 mg, 0.883 mmol, 1.5 eq) in isopropanol (6 mL) was added sodiumbicarbonate (148 mg, 1.76 mmol, 3 eq) in water (1.5 mL). The reactionmixture was then purged with nitrogen followed by addition oftetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0) (34 mg, 0.029 mmol, 5 mol %).The mixture was then heated to about 80° C. overnight. The mixture wasthen allowed to cool to room temperature before the solvent was removedin vacuo. The residue was then purified on the Flashmaster 2™: LC-MS m/z481 (M+H)⁺, 3.34 min (ret time).

56c)3-[8-(2,6-Difluoro-phenyl)-2-methanesulfonyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propyl-benzamide

3-[8-(2,6-Difluoro-phenyl)-2-methylsulfanyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propyl-benzamide(204 mg, 0.426 mmol, 1 eq) was suspended in acetonitrile (6 mL). Thesuspension was added to a stirring suspension of Oxone® (786 mg, 1.28mmol, 3 eq) in water (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred overnightat about 40° C. The reaction mixture was then partitioned betweendichloromethane and sodium metabisulfite (10% aq solution). The layerswere separated then the organic was dried over magnesium sulfate,filtered then evaporated to furnish the title compound: LC-MS m/z 513(M+H)⁺, 2.9 min (ret time).

56d)3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared from the compound from Example 56c and(2-aminoethyl)methylamine by following the procedures in Example 31 e:LC-MS m/z 507 (M+H)⁺, 2.31 min (ret time).

Example 573-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 2-propanamine for amide formation and (2-aminoethyl)methylaminefor the displacement: LC-MS m/z 507 (M+H)⁺, 2.3 min (ret time).

Example 58N-cyclopentyl-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using cyclopentylamine for amide formation and(2-aminoethyl)methylamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 533 (M+H)⁺,2.43 min (ret time).

Example 593-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using benzylamine for the amide formation and(2-aminoethyl)methylamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 555 (M+H)⁺,2.48 min (ret time).

Example 603-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in example56 using 4-fluoroaniline for the amide formation and(2-aminoethyl)methylamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 559 (M+H)⁺,2.55 min (ret time).

Example 613-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(methylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 1,3-thiazole-2-amine for the amide formation and(2-aminoethyl)methylamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 548 (M+H)⁺,2.41 min (ret time).

Example 623-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 2-propanamine for the amide formation and2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 589(M+H)⁺, 2.46 min (ret time).

Example 633-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using propanamine for the amide formation and2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 589(M+H)⁺, 2.47 min (ret time).

Example 64N-cyclopentyl-3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using cyclopentylamine for the amide formation and2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 615(M+H)⁺, 2.58 min (ret time).

Example 653-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using benzylamine for the amide formation and2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 637(M+H)⁺, 2.63 min (ret time).

Example 663-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 4-fluoroaniline for the amide formation and2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 641(M+H)⁺, 2.71 min (ret time).

Example 673-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 1,3-thiazole-2-amine for the amide formation and2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 630(M+H)⁺, 2.57 min (ret time).

Example 683-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 2-propanamine for the amide formation and 4-piperidinamine forthe displacement: LC-MS m/z 533 (M+H)⁺, 2.42 min (ret time).

Example 693-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using propanamine for the amide formation and 4-piperidinamine forthe displacement: LC-MS m/z 533 (M+H)⁺, 2.43 min (ret time).

Example 703-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-cyclopentyl-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using cyclopentylamine for the amide formation and 4-piperidinaminefor the displacement: LC-MS m/z 559 (M+H)⁺, 2.53 min (ret time).

Example 713-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using benzylamine for the amide formation and 4-piperidinamine forthe displacement: LC-MS m/z 581 (M+H)⁺, 2.59 min (ret time).

Example 723-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 4-fluoroaniline for the amide formation and 4-piperidinaminefor the displacement: LC-MS m/z 585 (M+H)⁺, 2.67 min (ret time).

Example 733-[2-(4-amino-1-piperidinyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 1,3-thiazole-2-amine for the amide formation and4-piperidinamine for the displacement: LC-MS m/z 574 (M+H)⁺, 2.53 min(ret time).

Example 743-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 2-propanamine for the amide formation and(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine hydrochloride for the displacement: LC-MSm/z 530 (M+H)⁺, 2.25 min (ret time).

Example 753-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using propanamine for the amide formation and(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine hydrochloride for the displacement: LC-MSm/z 530 (M+H)⁺, 2.26 min (ret time).

Example 76N-cyclopentyl-3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using cyclopentylamine for the amide formation and(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine hydrochloride for the displacement: LC-MSm/z 556 (M+H)⁺, 2.38 min (ret time).

Example 773-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using benzylamine for the amide formation and(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine hydrochloride for the displacement: LC-MSm/z 578 (M+H)⁺, 2.44 min (ret time).

Example 783-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl-4-methylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example56 using 4-fluoroaniline for the amide formation and(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine hydrochloride for the displacement: LC-MSm/z 582 (M+H)⁺, 2.52 min (ret time).

Example 793-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide79a)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

A solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (440 mg, 1.00 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was mixed with DIEA (0.697 mL,4.0 mmol), HATU (418 mg, 1.1 mmol) and 2-aminothiazole (150 mg, 1.5mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred over night, diluted with H₂O(0.5 mL), and concentrated under vaccum to remove DMF. Flashchromatography (load column with DCM, mobile phase EtOAc/Hexane) thenprovided the title compound as a white solid 425 mg (81%). MS (ES) m/z522 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) δ 2.25 (s, 3 H), 2.37 (s, 3 H), 6.65 (d, J=6.0Hz, 1 H), 6.95 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.15 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2 H), 7.20 (d,J=3.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.54 (m, 2 H), 7.96 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1 H), 8.11 (dd, J₁=8.0 Hz, J₂=1.6 Hz, 1 H).

79b)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

A solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide (1.65 g, 3.16 mmol) in DCM (53 mL)was mixed with mCPBA (0.736 g, 4.75 mmol). The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for about 10 minutes before directly loaded onto acolumn. Flash chromatography (mobile phase EtOAc/Hexane) then providedthe title compound as a white solid 1.38 g (81%). MS (ES) m/z 538(M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) δ 2.35 (s, 3 H), 2.81 (s, 3 H), 6.98 (d, J=10.0Hz, 1 H), 7.30 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.46 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 2 H), 7.57 (d,J=3.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.72 (m, 1 H), 7.85 (d, J=10.0Hz, 1 H), 8.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2 H).

79c)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

To the solution of 3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide(1.37 g, 2.54 mmol) in DCM (127 mL) were added Et₃N (1.78 mL, 12.7 mmol)and (1H-imidazol-2-yl)-methylamine dihydrochloride (0.625 g, 3.81 mmol).The mixture was stirred at room temperature over night and concentratedunder vacuum. Flash chromatography [mobile phase DCM/DCM(90)+MeOH(7)+NH₄OH(3)] then provided the title compound as a white solid1.23 g (85%). MS (ES) m/z 571 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) δ 2.16 (s, 1.5 H),2.32 (s, 1.5 H), 3.18 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 0.75 H), 4.11 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 0.25 H),4.21 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.50 (m, 1 H), 6.37 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.85(s, 2 H), 7.29 (s, 2 H), 7.43 (m, 2 H), 7.57 (m, 3 H), 8.18 (m, 3 H),11.60 (s, br, 1 H), 12.64 (s, br, 2 H).

79d)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-i3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide methanesulfonate

Using material as made above in Example 79c, a reaction vessel ischarged with the amorphous free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide(11.0 mg) and acetonitrile (250 μL) at room temperature (RT). Themixture is warmed to about 50° C. To the warmed mixture is added 1 eq ofmethanesulfonic acid solution (1N in water). The temperature ismaintained for a few minutes until the solution clarifies. Heating isdiscontinued and the mixture is allowed to cool to room temperaturewhile shaking. Shaking is continued at room temperature overnight. Theproduct is filtered and washed with THF. Place cake in crystallizationdish and dry for several hrs in vacuo (house vacuum, 50° C., N₂ bleed).The yield is 70.8% (9.1 mg) of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidemethanesulfonate salt with a melting onset at 320° C. (determined byDSC).

Alternatively, using material as made above in Example 79c, a reactionvessel is charged with the free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide(10.05 g) and acetone (201 mL) at room temperature (RT). The mixture iswarmed to about 50° C. and the temperature maintained for about 15minutes. To the warm mixture is added 1 eq of methanesulfonic acidsolution (1N in water). Maintain the temperature for about 5 min untilthe solution clarifies. To the warm mixture is added a small amount ofseed material and the temperature is maintained at about 50° C. for anadditional 30 min. Heating is discontinued and the mixture is allowed tocool to room temperature while stirring. Continue stirring at roomtemperature for at least two hours.

Filter using a Büchner funnel, collect the solid on Whatman No. 1filter. Wash cake with 3×1 vol of acetone and suction dry. Place cake incrystallization dish and dry at least 8 hrs in vacuo (house vacuum, 50°C., N₂ bleed) to provide the title compound (11.14 g, 94.9%).

In the following examples, alternative embodiments of salts of the titlecompound were made: hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric (sulfonate),benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic (methylbenzenesulfonate), citrate, ethanesulphonic acid (ethanesulphonate), benzenesulphonic acid(benzenesulfonate), fumaric acid (fumarate). Additional salts includethe camphor sulphonic acid, 1.2-dichlorobenzensulphonic acid and1,2-napthalenesulphonic acid. Single equivalents of the acid wereintroduced to ensure protonation of the most basic nitrogen and reducethe likelihood of protonating the other less basic nitrogens.

79e)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide4-methylbenzenesulfonate

THF (17.5 mL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example 79c (762.2 mg) at room temperature resulting in a clearsolution. P-toluenesulfonic acid was added (0.4 equivalent; 1N inwater), and the mixture stirred for several hours. The product wasfiltered, washed with THF, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 50°C. with a slow nitrogen bleed. The yield was 32.9% (327.0 mg) of thetitle compound with a melting onset at 259° C. (determined by DSC).

79f)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidehydrochloride Acetone (250 uL) was added to amorphous free-base versionof3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example 79c (12.3 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated toabout 50° C. Hydrochloric acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in 1,4dioxane). The mixture was cooled to room temperature and shook forseveral hours. The product was filtered, washed with acetone, and driedfor several hours in a vacuum oven at 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed.The yield was 58.1% (7.6 mg) of title compound (melt begins at <50° C.by DSC).

Alternatively, acetone (535 uL) was added to amorphous free-base versionof3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example 79c (26.6 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated toabout 50° C. Hydrochloric acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in water)resulting in a clear solution. Seed crystals were added, and the mixturewas cooled to room temperature and stirred for several hours. Theproduct was filtered, washed with acetone, and dried overnight in avacuum oven at 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed. The yield was 73.2%(20.7 mg).

79g)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidesulfate

Acetonitrile (250 uL) was added to amorphous free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example 79c (11.2 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated toabout 50° C. Sulfuric acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in water). Themixture was cooled to room temperature and shook for several hours. Theproduct was filtered, washed with acetonitrile, and dried for severalhours in a vacuum oven at about 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed. Theyield was 72.5% (9.5 mg) of title compound (melt begins around 50° C. byDSC).

Alternatively, THF (550 uL) was added to amorphous free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example 79c (27.4 mg) at room temperature resulting in a clearsolution. Sulfuric acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in water). Seedcrystals were added, and the mixture stirred for several hours. Theproduct was filtered, washed with THF, and dried overnight in a vacuumoven at about 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed. The yield was 88.9%(28.5 mg).

79h)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidehydrobromide

Acetonitrile (300 uL) was added to amorphous free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example 79c (16.0 mg) at room temperature resulting in a mixture.Hydrobromic acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in water) resulting in aclear solution. The following day, a white precipitate was observed. Theproduct was filtered, washed with acetonitrile, and dried overnight in avacuum oven at about 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed. The yield was52.0% (9.5 mg) of title compound (melt begins at <50° C. by DSC).

79i)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidecitrate

Isopropanol (200 uL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom (10.6 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated to 50° C. Citricacid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in THF). The mixture was cooled toroom temperature and shook for several days. The product was filtered,washed with isopropanol, and dried for several hours in a vacuum oven at50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed. The yield was 61.4% (8.7 mg) of titlecompound with a melting onset at 179° C. (determined by DSC).

Alternatively, Isopropanol (502 uL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom (25.1 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated to 50° C. Citricacid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in THF) resulting in an immediateprecipitate. Seed crystals were added, and the mixture stirred forseveral hours. The product was filtered, washed with isopropanol, anddried overnight in a vacuum oven at 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed.The yield was 71.4% (24.0 mg).

79i)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido]2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamideethanesulfonate Acetone (200 uL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide(25.1 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated to 50° C. Ethanesulfonicacid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in THF), and the mixture stirred forseveral days. The product was filtered, washed with acetone, and driedovernight in a vacuum oven at 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed. Theyield was 70.6% (9.1 mg) of title compound with a melting onset at 296°C. (determined by DSC).

Alternatively, acetone (501 uL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide(25.1 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated to 50° C. Ethanesulfonicacid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in THF). Seed crystals were added,and the mixture stirred for several days. The product was filtered,washed with acetone, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 50° C. witha slow nitrogen bleed. The yield was 78.1% (23.3 mg).

79k)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidebenzenesulfonate

Acetone (200 uL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide(10.4 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated to 50° C.Benzenesulfonic acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in water) resultingin a clear solution. The mixture was cooled to room temperature andshook overnight. The product was filtered, washed with acetone, anddried for several hours in a vacuum oven at 50° C. with a slow nitrogenbleed. The yield was 83.2% (5.8 mg) of title compound with a meltingonset at 317° C. (determined by DSC).

Alternatively, acetone (494 uL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example (24.7 mg) at room temperature resulting in a mixture.Benzenesulfonic acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 1N in water) resultingin a clear solution. Seed crystals were added, and the mixture stirredfor several hours. The product was filtered, washed with acetone, anddried overnight in a vacuum oven at 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed.The yield was 83.2% (26.3 mg).

79l)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefumarate

Isopropanol (200 uL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example 79c (10.5 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated to 50°C. Fumaric acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 0.2 N in ethanol). Themixture was cooled to room temperature and shook for several days. Theproduct was filtered, washed with isopropanol, and dried overnight in avacuum oven at 50° C. with a slow nitrogen bleed. The yield was 61.4%(6.0 mg) of title compound with a melting onset at 251° C. (determinedby DSC).

Alternatively, isopropanol (488 uL) was added to free-base version of3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidefrom Example 79c (24. 4 mg), and the resulting mixture was heated to 50°C. Fumaric acid was added (1.0 equivalent; 0.2 N in ethanol) resultingin an immediate precipitate. Seed crystals were added, and the mixturestirred for several hours. The product was filtered, washed withisopropanol, and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 50° C. with a slownitrogen bleed. The yield was 63.0% (18.5 mg).

Example 803-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate 80a)3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzoicacid

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example1b using4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-amino}pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-onefor the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction.

80b)3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the acid from Example 80a (32.3 mg, 0.066 mmol, 1 eq) was added HATU(28.5 mg, 0.075 mmol) in DMF (500 uL). DIPEA (34 μL, 0.2 mmol, 3 eq) wasthen added. The resulting mixture was then allowed to stand for about 5minutes before adding to propylamine (6 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DMF (250 uL).The resulting mixture was shaken to ensure efficient mixing of thereagents then was left to stand overnight. The solvent was then removedin vacuo. The residue dissolved in methanol and was then placed down anaminopropyl SPE flushing the column with methanol. The residue waspurified by MDAP to give the above named compound (7.4 mg): LC-MS m/z524 (M+H)⁺, 2.63 min (ret time).

Example 813-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using 1-methylethylamine: LC-MS m/z 524 (M+H)⁺, 2.62 min (rettime).

Example 82N-cyclobutyl-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using cyclobutanamine: LC-MS m/z 536 (M+H)⁺, 2.7 min (rettime).

Example 83N-cyclopentyl-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using cyclopentylamine: LC-MS m/z 550 (M+H)⁺, 2.78 min (rettime).

Example 843-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using 4-fluoroaniline: LC-MS in/z 576 (M+H)⁺, 2.95 min (rettime).

Example 853-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using 1,3-thiazol-2-amine: LC-MS m/z 565 (M+H)⁺, 2.75 min(ret time).

Example 86N-cyclopropyl-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using cyclopropylamine: LC-MS m/z 522 (M+H)⁺, 2.55 min (rettime).

Example 87N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using cyclopropylmethylamine: LC-MS m/z 536 (M+H)⁺, 2.67 min(ret time).

Example 888-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-4-[2-methyl-5-(4-morpholinylcarbonyl)phenyl]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-onetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using morpholine: LC-MS m/z 552 (M+H)⁺, 2.44 min (ret time).

Example 893-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-heptyl-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using heptylamine: LC-MS m/z 580 (M+H)⁺, 3.16 min (ret time).

Example 90N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-y]l-4-methylbenzamide

N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide(13.5 mg, 0.027 mmol), was dissolved in anhydrous methanol (2 mL) andwas added to a tube containing nickel chloride hexahydrate (2 mg). Thetube was placed under an atmosphere of nitrogen and cooled using adry-ice/acetone bath to about −15° C. Sodium borohydride (2 mg) was thenadded (nitrogen removed during addition and then replaced) and thesolution turned black. The solution was stirred in the dry ice/acetonebath for 1.5 h. 1 N HCl (4 mL) was added and the solution was allowed towarm to room temperature and stirred under an air atmosphere for about 2hours. Dichloromethane (2 mL) was added to the solution and it wasstirred vigorously for 10 min. The solution was filtered through ahydrophobic frit packed with celite and was washed with furtherdichloromethane (2 mL×2). The filtrate was concentrated and purified byHPLC to give the title product (1 mg, 8.2%). LC-MS m/z 447 (M+H)⁺, 2.98min (ret time). ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO) δ 0.22 (m, 2H), 0.42 (m, 2H), 1.01 (brs, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H), 3.14 (br s, 2H), 6.87 (m, 1H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 7.65(m, 2H), 7.95 (m, 2H), 8.60 (m, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H).

Example 913-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(3-pyridinylmethyl)benzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using (3-pyridinylmethyl)amine: LC-MS m/z 573 (M+H)⁺, 2.03min (ret time).

Example 923-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(3-phenylpropyl)benzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using 3-phenyl-1-propanamine: LC-MS m/z 600 (M+H)⁺, 2.97 min(ret time).

Example 933-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using (2-phenylethyl)amine: LC-MS m/z 586 (M+H)⁺, 2.88 min(ret time).

Example 943-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamidetrifluoroacetate

The title compound was prepared by following the procedures in Example80b except using (phenylmethyl)amine: LC-MS m/z 572 (M+H)⁺, 2.83 min(ret time).

Example 95 1,1-dimethylethyl(2-{[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(5-{[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)methylcarbamate

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide(50 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added 1,1-dimethylethyl(2-aminoethyl)-methylcarbamate (0.09 mL, 0.5 mmol). The resultantmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated under vacuo. Flash chromatography (90% CH₂Cl₂/7% MeOH/3%NH₄OH) then provide the title compound (61 mg, 100%). LC-MS (ES) m/z 659(M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 1.39 (s, 9H), 1.70 (br, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.65(s, 2H), 2.82 (s, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.60 (br, 1H), 6.34 (d, 1H), 7.03(m, 4H), 7.34 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 2H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.84 (m, 2H), 8.14(d, 1H).

Example 963-(8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)benzoicacid 96a)4-chloro-8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To a solution of 4,6-dichloro-2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde(4.2g, 18.95mmol) and triethylamine (5.3 ml, 38 mmol) in THF (100 ml)was added 2,4-difluoroaniline (2.1 ml, 20.58 mmol). The mixture wasstirred for 2 h, and methyl{bis[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)oxy]phosphoryl}acetate (6.0 g, 18.95 mmol)was added. The mixture was stirred for 18 h, diluted with DCM (200 ml)and washed with water (2×100 ml). The dried (Na2SO4) organic phase wasfiltered and evaporated. Flash chromatography (EtOAc/Hexane, 1:5)provided the title compound as a cream solid (2.5 g, 40%): LC-MS m/z 340(M+H)⁺ retention 3.24 min.

96b)4-chloro-8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To a solution of4-chloro-8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(2.5 g, 7.6 mmol) in DCM (100 ml) was added m-CPBA (2.2 g, 10.2 mmol).The mixture was stirred for 10 min and evaporated. Flash chromatography(EtOAc) provided the title compound as a yellow solid (2.1 g, 80%):LC-MS m/z 356 (M+H)⁺ retention 2.43 min.

96c)4-chloro-8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To a solution of4-chloro-8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(2.0 g, 5.6 mmol) in DCM (100 ml) was added a solution of serinol (650mg, 7.1 mmol) in DMF (5 ml). The mixture was stirred for 2 h, washedwith water (2×50 ml), dried (Na2SO4), and evaporated. Flashchromatography (EtOAc/Hexane, 3:1) provided the title compound as awhite solid (1.1 g, 50%): LC-MS m/z 383 (M+H)⁺ retention 2.45 min.

96d)3-(8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)benzoicacid

A mixture of4-chloro-8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(20 mg, 0.047 mmol), 3-(dihydroxyboranyl)benzoic acid (11.8 mg, 0.07mmol), KCO3 (20 mg,0.14 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (2mg, 0.00177 mmol), dioxane (1.2 ml), and water (0.4 ml) was heated in asealed microwave vessel at 150 degrees for 10 min. The cooled solutionwas treated with DCM (3 ml), passed through a hydrophobic frit directlyonto a silica cartridge (2 g). The cartridge was eluted with EtOAcfollowed by EtOAc/MeOH (9:1) to provide the title compound as a brownsolid (20 mg, 80%) LC-MS m/z 469 (M+H)⁺ retention 2.73 min.

Example 973-[2-[2-(aminomethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid trifluoroacetate 97a)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (30.0 mg, 0.068 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5.0 ml) was added3-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoic acid (23 mg. 0.103 mmol). The resultantmixture was stirred at room temperature 10 mins. Flash chromatography(EtOAc/Hex=1:1) then provided the title compound (20 mg, 64%). LC-MS(ES) m/z 456 (M+H)⁺.

97b)3-[2-[2-(aminomethyl)-1H-imidazol-1-yl]-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid trifluoroacetate

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (50 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine dihydrochloride (75 mg, 0.44 mmol),triethylamine (0.2 mL, 1.44 mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred atroom temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated and purified byHPLC to give the title product as the minor component (8 mg, 15%). LC-MS(ES) m/z 489 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 2.39 (s, 3H), 4.26 (s, 2H), 6.86 (d,1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 7.38 (t, 2H), 7.64 (d, 1H), 7.77 (m, 2H), 7.82 (s,1H), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, 1H).

Example 983-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methylbenzoicacid trifluoroacetate

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (50 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine dihydrochloride (75 mg, 0.44 mmol),triethylamine (0.2 mL, 1.44 mmol). The resultant mixture was stirred atroom temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated and purified byHPLC to give the title product as the major component (20 mg, 37%).LC-MS (ES) m/z 489 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 2.36 (s, 3H), 4.58 (s, 2H),6.48 (d, 1H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.39 (s, 2H), 7.56 (m, 3H),8.00 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, 1H).

Example 993-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-(4-flurorphenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide(50 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was addedN,N[-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine (0.057 mL, 0.44 mmol). The resultantmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated under vacuo. Flash chromatography (90% CH₂Cl₂/7% MeOH/3%NH₄OH) then provided the title compound (13 mg, 25%). LC-MS (ES) m/z 587(M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 2.09 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.41(m, 1H), 2.59 (m, 1H), 2.91 (s, 1H), 3.22 (s, 2H), 3.52 (m, 1H), 3.88(m, 1H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 7.13 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.62(m, 2H), 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H).

Example 1003-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl](methyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using 2-propanamine forthe amide formation and N,N,N′-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine for thedisplacement reaction. LC-MS (ES) m/z 534 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 1.27(d, 6H), 2.08 (m, 3H), 2.23 (m, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.52(m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 3.21 (s, 2H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 3.83 (m, 1H), 4.23(m, 1H), 6.36 (d, 1H), 7.27 (t, 2H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.62(m, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H).

Example 1013-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-({3-[(1-methylethyl)amino]propyl}amino)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido]2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d3pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamideand N-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-propanediamine by following the procedures inExample 79c. LC-MS m/z 590 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) 1.02 (m, 6 H), 1.68 (m,2 H), 2.32 (m, 3 H), 2.46 (m, 1 H), 2.66 (m, 1 H), 2.82 (m, 1 H), 3.11(m, 1 H), 3.46 (m, 1 H), 6.35 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.11 (m, 1 H), 7.24(m, 2 H), 7.46 (m, 2 H), 7.55 (m, 2 H), 8.02 (m, 1 H), 8.11 (d, J=7.6Hz, 1 H).

Example 1023-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-({3-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]propyl}amino)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido]2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamideand N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3-propanediamine by following the proceduresin Example 79c. LC-MS m/z 604 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) 1.09 (m, 9 H), 1.70(m, 2 H), 2.33 (m, 3 H), 2.47 (m, 1 H), 2.66 (m, 1 H), 3.13 (m, 1 H),3.47 (m, 1 H), 6.36 (d, J =8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.10 (m, 1 H), 7.23 (m, 2 H),7.47 (m, 2 H), 7.58 (m, 2 H), 8.04 (m, 1 H), 8.13 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1 H).

Example 1033-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-({2-[(1-methylethyl)amino]ethyl}amino)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamideand N-(1-methylethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine by following the procedures inExample 79c. LC-MS m/z 576 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) 1.02 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 6H), 2.31 (m, 3 H), 2.72 (m, 3 H), 3.23 (m, 1 H), 3.55 (m, 1 H), 6.36 (d,J=8.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.13 (m, 1 H), 7.24 (m, 2 H), 7.47 (m, 2 H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 8.00 (s, 1 H), 8.10(d, J=7.6Hz, 1 H).

Example 1043-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl](methyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide(0.04 g, 0.078 mmol), N,N,N′-trimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (0.134 g,0.115 mmol), and TEA (0.016 g, 0.156 mmol) were combined in CH₂Cl₂ (5mL) and stirred under argon at room temperature. The solvents werepumped off in vacuo. The residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel(10 g) eluted with CH₂Cl₂ to 6:1:0.1, CH₂Cl₂: ethanol:NH₄OH. Thecompound had an impurity which was removed by filtering through a silicagel plug with 3% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ to give the title compound as an off-whiteamorphous solid. mp 104-109° C. LC-MS m/z 549 (M+H)⁺, 1.65 min (rettime).

Example 1053-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide(0.07 g, 0.13 mmol), N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (0.0173 g, 0.15 mmol),and TEA (0.026 g, 0.26 mmol) were combined in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) and stirredunder argon at room temperature for 1 h. The solvents were pumped off invacuo. The residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (10 g) elutedwith CH₂Cl₂ to 6:1:0.1, CH₂Cl₂: ethanol: NH₄OH to give the titlecompound as a white amorphous solid. mp 139-142° C. LC-MS m/z 521(M+H)⁺, 1.61 min (ret time).

Example 106 1,1-dimethylethyl{2-[(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-{2-methyl-5-[(propylamino)carbonyl]phenyl}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]ethyl}methylcarbamate

3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide(1.59 g, 3.1 mmol), was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (140 mL) and stirred underargon at room temperature. 1,1-dimethylethyl(2-aminoethyl)methylcarbamate (0.806 g, 4.65 mmol), and TEA (0.87 mL,6.2 mmol) were combined in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and added to the solution ofthe sulfone. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred under argonovernight. The solvents were pumped off in vacuo. The residue was flashchromatographed on silica gel (150 g) eluted with 0-40% EtOAc/CH₂Cl₂ togive the title compound as a white amorphous solid. mp 115-118° C. LC-MSm/z 607 (M+H)⁺, 2.27 min (ret time).

Example 1073-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl](methyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamideand N,N,-trimethyl-1,3-propanediamine by following the procedures inExample 79c. LC-MS m/z 590 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) 1.70 (m, 2 H), 2.04 (m,2 H), 2.20 (s, 6 H), 2.36 (s, 3 H), 2.89-3.21 (m, 3 H), 3.36-3.70 (m, 2H), 6.36 (d, J=8.4Hz, 1 H), 7.16 (m, 1 H), 7.27 (m, 2 H), 7.50 (m, 2 H),7.59 (m, 2 H), 8.01 (s, 1 H), 8.13 (m, 1 H).

Example 108N-[3-(8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl]acetamide

The title compound was prepared by following the procedure in example96d from4-chloro-8-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino}pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-oneand [3-(acetylamino)phenyl]boronic acid: LC-MS m/z 482 (M+H)⁺, retention2.69 min.

Example 1093-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamideand N,N-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine by following the procedures inExample 79c. LC-MS m/z 562 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD) 2.15 (m, 6 H), 2.36 (m,4 H), 2.65 (m, 1 H), 3.27 (m, 2 H), 6.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2 H), 7.49 (m, 2 H), 7.59 (m, 2 H), 8.00 (s, 1 H), 8.11 (d,J=8.0 Hz, 1 H).

Example 1104-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one110a)4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To a solution of4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(170.0 mg, 0.41 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20.0 mL) was added m-CPBA (224.0 mg,1.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 12 h at room temperatureand concentrated. It was diluted with H₂O (5.0 mL) and EtOAc (25.0 mL).The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturatedaq. NaCl, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purificationvia the CombiFlash system (hexane:EtOAc=4:1) then afforded the titlecompound (190.0 mg, 94%): LC-MS m/z 443 (M+H)⁺, 2.12 min (ret. time)

110b)4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)amino]-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 1 d from4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-oneand 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinamine: LC-MS m/z 519 (M+H)⁺, 1.8 min(ret time).

Example 1114-(5-amino-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-piperidinylamino)-pyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

The title compound was prepared as described in Example 2 from4-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-oneand 1,1-dimethylethyl 4-amino-1-piperidinecarboxylate. LC-MS m/z 463(M+H)⁺, 1.73 min (ret time).

Example 1123-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide(15 mg, 0.027 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was addedN,N-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine (0.009 mL, 0.083 mmol). The resultantmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated under vacuo. Flash chromatography (90% CH₂Cl₂/7% MeOH/3%NH₄OH) then provide the title compound (11 mg, 72%). LC-MS (ES) m/z 573(M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(CDCl₃) δ 2.21 (s, 6H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.40 (br, 1H), 2.43(m, 2H), 3.17 (m, 2H), 3.55 (br, 1H), 6.23 (d, 1H), 6.89 (m, 1H), 7.04(m, 3H), 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, 1H), 7.61 (m, 2H), 7.84(s, 1H), 8.05 (d, 1H).

Example 1133-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methylamino)-1-piperidinyl]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide113a) 1,1-dimethylethyl{1-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-methyl-5-{[(1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl}phenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-4-piperidinyl}methylcarbamate

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using 2-propanamine forthe amide formation and 1,1-dimethylethyl methyl(4-piperidinyl)carbamatefor the displacement reaction. LC-MS (ES) m/z 647 (M+H)⁺.

113b)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methylamino)-1-piperidinyl]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

To a solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl{1-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-methyl-5-{[(1-methylethyl)amino]carbonyl}phenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-4-piperidinyl}methylcarbamatein DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (0.03 mL). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature overnight, quenched with triethylamine (0.5 mL) at−78° C. The residue was mixed with H₂O (5.0 mL). The organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×15 mL). Thecombined organic phases were washed with saturated aq. NaCl, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification via a CombiFlash system(90% CH₂Cl₂/7% MeOH/3% NH₄OH) then afforded the title compound. LC-MS(ES) m/z 547 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 1.20 (m, 2H), 1.26 (d, 6H), 1.90 (m,2H), 2.31 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 3.23 (m,1H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 6.35 (d, 1H), 7.25 (t, 2H), 7.50 (d, 1H), 7.52 (d,1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H).

Example 1143-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methylamino)-1-piperidinyl]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide114a) 1,1-dimethylethyl{1-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(5-{[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl}-2-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-4-piperidinyl}methylcarbamate

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide(Example 19b, 10 mg, 0.018 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added1,1-dimethylethyl methyl(4-piperidinyl)carbamate (19 mg, 0.089 mmol).The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Themixture was concentrated under vacuo. The titled compound was carried tothe next step without purification. LC-MS (ES) m/z 699 (M+H)⁺.

114b)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methylamino)-1-piperidinyl]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To a solution of 1,1-dimethylethyl{1-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(5-{[(4-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl-2-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-4-piperidinyl}methylcarbamatein DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (0.03 mL). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature overnight, quenched with triethylamine (0.5 mL) at−78° C. The residue was mixed with H₂O (5.0 mL). The organic layer wasseparated and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3×15 mL). Thecombined organic phases were washed with saturated aq. NaCl, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Purification via a CombiFlash system(90% CH₂Cl₂/7% MeOH/3% NH₄OH) then afforded the title compound (6 mg,57%, 2 steps). LC-MS (ES) m/z 599 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 1.29 (m, 2H),1.37 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H), 2.77 (m, 1H),2.95 (m, 2H), 3.50 (m, 1H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.25 (m, 2H),7.52 (d, 1H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.71 (m, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H).

Example 1153-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl](methyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To a solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide(15 mg, 0.027 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was addedN,N,N′-trimethyl-1,3-propanediamine (0.021 mL, 0.14 mmol). The resultantmixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture wasconcentrated under vacuo. Flash chromatography (90% CH₂Cl₂/7% MeOH/3%NH₄OH) then provide the title compound (10 mg, 63%). LC-MS (ES) m/z 601(M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 1.62 (m, 1H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 2.20(s, 6H), 2.32 (m, 4H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 2H), 6.36 (d, 1H), 7.14(m, 2H), 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, 1H), 7.59 (d, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.71(m, 2H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, 1H).

Example 1163-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide116a)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide

3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (0.15 g, 0.342 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and stirredunder argon at room temperature. N-Benzylamine (0.11 g, 1.03 mmol) wasadded followed by EDC (0.082 g, 0.41 mmol) and HOBT (0.055 g, 0.41mmol). The reaction was stirred overnight. The solvents were pumped offin vacuo, and the residue taken up in EtOAc and washed twice with H₂O,once with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ filtered and evaporated.The residue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (20 g) eluted with0-1.5% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ to give the title compound. mp (dec) 124-130° C.LC-MS m/z 529 (M+H)⁺, 2.36 min (ret time).

116b)3-[8-(2-6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide

3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide(0.12 g 0.227 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) and 50-60%3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (0.106 g, 0.34 mmol) was added and themixture stirred for 10 min. The solvents were pumped off, and theresidue taken up in EtOAc and washed with H₂O, brine, dried overanhydrous Na₂SO₄ filtered and evaporated. The crude product whichcontained a small amount of sulfone, was flashed on silica gel (20 g)eluted with a hexane to EtOAc gradient to isolate the title compound. mp(dec) 268-270° C. LC-MS m/z 545 (M+H)⁺, 1.87 min (ret time).

116c)3-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amino]-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl}-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide

3-[8-(2,6-Difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(phenylmethyl)benzamide(0.084 g, 0.154 mmol) and (1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine dihydrochloride(0.039 g, 0.23 mmol) were dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) and triethylamine(0.7 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred under argon at roomtemperature overnight. The solvents were pumped off in vacuo, and theresidue taken up in EtOAc and 1 N NaOH. The organic phase was washedwith brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ filtered and evaporated. Theresidue was flash chromatographed on silica gel (20 g) eluted with6:1:0.05 CH₂Cl₂:isopropanol:NH₄OH. The material isolated was not pure,and was rechromatographed on silica gel (20 g) eluted with 0-5%MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ to give the title compound as a white amorphous solid. mp(dec) 185-190° C. LC-MS m/z 578 (M+H)⁺, 1.76 min (ret time).

Example 1173-(8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino}-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

The title compound was prepared from3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid by following the procedures in Example 19 using 2-propanamine forthe amide formation and N,N-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine for thedisplacement reaction. LC-MS (ES) m/z 521 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) δ 1.26(d, 6H), 2.12 (s, 6H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 2.36 (m, 5H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 4.23(m, 1H), 6.38 (d, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, 1H), 7.49 (d, 1H), 7.59(m, 1H), 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H).

Example 1183-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide118a)3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (600 mg, 1.32 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) was addedN,N-diethyl-1,3-propanediamine (0.624 mL, 4.0 mol). The mixture wasstirred at room temperature overnight. Solvent was removed by rotovap.Separation by HPLC with TFA afforded the title compound (695 mg, 85%).LC-MS m/z 522 (M+H)⁺.

118b)3-[2-{3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) were added HBTU (30mg, 0.079 mmol) and isopropylamine (0.032 mL, 0.37 mmol). The mixturewas stirred at r.t. overnight. Solvent was removed by rotovap.Separation by chromatography (90% methylene chloride/7% MeOH/3% ammonia)afforded the title compound (22 mg, 51%). LC-MS mlz 563 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1193-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N,4-dimethylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) were added HBTU (30mg, 0.079 mmol) and methylamine (0.185 mL, 0.37 mmol, 2.0M soln in THF).The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Solvent was removed by rotovap.Separation by chromatography (90% methylene chloride/7% MeOH/3% ammonia)afforded the title compound (32 mg, 78%). LC-MS m/z 535 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1203-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)-propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl-N,N,4-trimethylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) were added HBTU (30mg, 0.079 mmol) and dimethylamine (0.185 mL, 0.37 mmol, 2.0M soln inTHF). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Solvent was removed byrotovap. Separation by chromatography (90% methylene chloride/7% MeOH/3%ammonia) afforded the title compound (42 mg, 99%). LC-MS m/z 549 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1213-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in THF (2 mL) were added HBTU (30 mg, 0.079mmol) and serinol (35 mg, 0.37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rtovernight. Solvent was removed by rotovap. Separation by HPLC with TFA,followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded the titlecompound (40 mg, 88%). LC-MS m/z 595 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1223-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in THF (2 mL) were added HBTU (30 mg, 0.079mmol) and propylamine (0.031 mL, 0.37 mmol). The mixture was stirred atrt overnight. Solvent was removed by rotovap. Separation by HPLC withTFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded thetitle compound (16 mg, 37%). LC-MS m/z 563 (M+H)⁺.

Example 123N-butyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) were added HBTU(30 mg, 0.079 mmol) and butylamine (0.038 mL, 0.37 mmol). The mixturewas stirred at rt overnight. Solvent was removed by rotovap. Separationby HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (29 mg, 66%). LC-MS m/z 577 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1243-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2-methylpropyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) were added HBTU(30 mg, 0.079 mmol) and isobutylamine (0.038 mL, 0.37 mmol). The mixturewas stirred at rt overnight. Solvent was removed by rotovap. Separationby HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (19 mg, 43%). LC-MS m/z 577 (M+H)⁺.

Example 125N-cyclopentyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was bubbled withnitrogen for 5 min, then it was added HBTU (30 mg, 0.079 mmol) andcyclopentylamine (0.038 mL, 0.37 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rtovernight. Solvent was removed by rotovap. Separation by HPLC with TFA,followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded the titlecompound (21 mg, 47%). LC-MS m/z 589 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1263-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido]2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) were added HBTU(30 mg, 0.079 mmol) and t-butylamine (0.040 mL, 0.37 mmol). The mixturewas stirred at rt overnight. Solvent was removed by rotovap. Separationby HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (39 mg, 88%). LC-MS mn/z 577 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1273-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) were added HBTU(30 mg, 0.079 mmol) and (2,2-dimethylpropyl)amine (0.045 mL, 0.37 mmol).The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Solvent was removed by rotovap.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (39 mg, 86%). LC-MS m/z 591(M+H)⁺.

Example 1283-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) were added HBTU(30 mg, 0.079 mmol) and (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amine (0.031 mL, 0.37mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Solvent was removed byrotovap. Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization withSPE amine cartridge afforded the title compound (37 mg, 80%). LC-MS m/z603 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1293-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (40 mg, 0.074 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) were added HBTU(30 mg, 0.079 mmol) and ethylamine (0.19 mL, 0.37 mmol, 2.0M soln inTHF). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Solvent was removed byrotovap. Separation by chromatography (90% methylene chloride/7% MeOH/3%ammonia) afforded the title compound (17 mg, 40%). LC-MS m/z 549 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1303-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[(1R)-1,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and (2R)-3-methyl-2-butanamine(10.5 uL, 0.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (14 mg, 40%). LC-MS m/z 591(M+H)⁺.

Example 1313-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[(1S)-1,2-dimethylpropyl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and (2S)-3-methyl-2-butanamine(10.5 uL, 0.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (14 mg, 40%). LC-MS m/z 591(M+H)⁺.

Example 132N-(cyclopentylmethyl)-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and 1-cyclopentylmethanamine(9.9 mg, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separationby HPLC with TFA, afforded the title compound (10 mg, 33%). LC-MS m/z603 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1333-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoic acid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF(0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075 mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL,0.15 mmol) and 2-fluoroethanamine hydrochloride (10 mg, 0.1 mmol). Themixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC with TFA,afforded the title compound (9 mg, 32%). LC-MS im/z 567 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1343-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino-}8(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-[2-(methyloxy)ethyl]benzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and 2-(methyloxy)ethanamine(8.6 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separationby HPLC with TFA, afforded the title compound (11 mg, 38%). LC-MS m/z579 (M+H)⁺.

Example 135N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and (cyclohexylmethyl)amine(13.0 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separationby HPLC with TFA, afforded the title compound (10 mg, 32%). LC-MS m/z617 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1363-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]benzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and[(5-methyl-2-furanyl)methyl]amine (11.2 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC with TFA, afforded the titlecompound (13 mg, 42%). LC-MS m/z 615 (M+H)⁺.

Example 137N-cyclobutyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and cyclobutylamine (8.5 uL,0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, afforded the title compound (10 mg, 35%). LC-MS m/z 575(M+H)⁺.

Example 138N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyridin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and (cyclopropylmethyl)amine(10.3 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separationby HPLC with TFA, afforded the title compound (9 mg, 31%). LC-MS m/z 575(M+H)⁺.

Example 1393-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and (2-thienylmethyl)amine(15.1 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separationby HPLC with TFA, afforded the title compound (11 mg, 36%). LC-MS m/z617 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1403-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N,N-diethyl-4-methylbenzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and diethyl amine (7.4 uL, 0.1mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC withTFA, afforded the title compound (7 mg, 24%). LC-MS m/z 577 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1413-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)benzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)amine (15.4 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixturewas stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC with TFA, afforded thetitle compound (8 mg, 26%). LC-MS m/z 617 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1423-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)benzamidetrifluoroacetate

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and(tetrahydro-2-furanylmethyl)amine (10.3 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC with TFA afforded the titlecompound (9 mg, 30%). LC-MS m/z 605 (M+H)⁺.

Example 143N-cyclohexyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and cyclohexanamine (11.5 uL,0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (9 mg, 30%). LC-MS m/z 603 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1443-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[2-(ethylthio)ethyl-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and [2-(ethylthio)ethyl]aminehydrochloride (14.2 mg, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rtovernight. Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization withSPE amine cartridge afforded the title compound (7 mg, 23%). LC-MS m/z607 (M+H)⁺.

Example 145N-(2-cyanoethyl)-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and 3-aminopropanenitrilehydrochloride (9.3 mg, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rtovernight. Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization withSPE amine cartridge afforded the title compound (6 mg, 21%). LC-MS m/z560 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1463-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and[2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amine (22.2 mg, 0.2 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed byneutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded the title compound (26mg, 85%). LC-MS m/z 615 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1473-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-phenylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and aniline (9.1 uL, 0.1mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. To the mixture was added5 mL dichloromethane and 2 mL water, stirred for 3 min. The organiclayer was loaded onto the silica gel column. Chromatography (90%methylene chloride/7% MeOH/3% ammonia) afforded the title compound (9mg, 30%). LC-MS m/z 597 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1483-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino]-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and [(1R)-1-phenylethyl]amine(12.9 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separationby HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (14 mg, 45%). LC-MS m/z 625 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1493-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-[(1h)-1-phenylethyl]benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and [(1S)-1-phenylethyl]amine(12.9 uL, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separationby HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (14 mg, 45%). LC-MS m/z 625 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1503-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide150a)4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To the compound4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(1.70 g, 5.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) was added mCPBA (1.16 g,7.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 10 min. Chromatography withhexane/ethyl acetate afforded the title compound (1.59 g, 89%). LC-MSm/z 356 (M+H)⁺.

150b)4-chloro-2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To the compound4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(1.59 g, 4.47 mmol) in dichloromethane (89.4 mL) were addedN,N-diethyl-1,3-propanediamine (0.845 mL, 5.36 mol) and triethylamine(1.26 uL, 8.94 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Somewhite precipitate was formed during the reaction. Filtration followed bywash with ethyl acetate/dichloromethane/methanol afforded the titlecompound (1.028 g, 60%). LC-MS m/z 383 (M+H)⁺.

150c)3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzoicacid

To the compound4-chloro-2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(176 mg, 0.418 mmol) in dioxane (4.5 mL) and water (1.5 mL) was added2-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid(173 mg, 0.626 mol), potassium carbonate (289 mg, 2.09 mmol) andtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (24.2 mg, 0.0259 mmol). Themixture was heated with microwave at 150° C. for 15 min. The mixture wasfiltered. Separation by HPLC with TFA afforded the title compound (238mg, 99%). LC-MS m/z 522 (M+H)⁺.

150d)3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and 1,3-thiazol-2-amine (10.0mg, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (9 mg, 30%). LC-MS m/z 604 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1513-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-N-phenylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and aniline (9.1 uL, 0.1mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC withTFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded thetitle compound (18 mg, 60%). LC-MS m/z 597 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1523-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and 4-fluoroaniline (9.6 uL,0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (14 mg, 46%). LC-MS m/z 615 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1533-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and propylamine (8.2 uL, 0.1mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC withTFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded thetitle compound (15 mg, 53%). LC-MS m/z 563 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1543-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methyl-N-(2-methylpropyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and isobutylamine (10.0 uL,0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (12.6 mg, 44%). LC-MS m/z 577 (M+H)⁺.

Example 155N-cyclopropyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and cyclopropylamine (6.9 uL,0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (13.5 mg, 48%). LC-MS m/z 561 (M+H)⁺.

Example 156N-(cyanomethyl)-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-2-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and aminoacetonitrile (9.3 mg,0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (9.1 mg, 33%). LC-MS m/z 560 (M+H)⁺.

Example 157N-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and glycinamide (11.1 mg, 0.1mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC withTFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded thetitle compound (9 mg, 31%). LC-MS m/z 578 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1583-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (26 mg, 0.05 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (28 mg, 0.075mmol), triethylamine (21.1 uL, 0.15 mmol) and N¹-methylglycinamide (12.5mg, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (9 mg, 30%). LC-MS m/z 592 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1593-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-3-pyridinylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.3 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27.3 mg,0.072 mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and 3-aminopyridine(11.3 mg, 0.08 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (3.3 mg, 9%). LC-MS m/z 598(M+H)⁺.

Example 1603-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.3 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27.3 mg,0.072 mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and 4-fluoroaniline(8.64 uL, 0.08 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (10 mg, 27%). LC-MS m/z 615(M+H)⁺.

Example 161N-cyclopropyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2.3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.3 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27.3 mg,0.072 mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and cyclopropylamine(6.24 uL, 0.08 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (10 mg, 30%). LC-MS m/z 562(M+H)⁺.

Example 1623-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.3 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27.3 mg,0.072 mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and sec-butylamine(12.12 uL, 0.08 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (3.2 mg, 9%). LC-MS m/z 577(M+H)⁺.

Example 1633-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide163a)4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one

To the compound4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)pyrido[2,3-dpyrimidin-7(8H)-one (1.39 g, 3.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (80 mL) wereadded 4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidine (0.75 g, 5.85 mol) and triethylamine(1.03 mL, 11.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at −20° C. overnight.Filtration followed by concentration, the crude was purified with flashchromatography to afford the title compound (0.904 g, 51%). LC-MS m/z474 (M+H)⁺.

163b)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (GSK1080365A)

To the compound4-chloro-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(47.5 mg, 0.1 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) and water (1 mL) were added6-methyl-3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid(38.4 mg, 0.15 mol), potassium carbonate (83 mg, 0.6 mmol) andtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (4.6 mL, 0.005 mmol). Themixture was heated with microwave at 150° C. for 15 min. The mixture wasconcentrated, & then added was DMSO (0.75 mL) and water (0.25 mL).Separation by HPLC afforded the title compound (39 mg, 68%). LC-MS m/z574 (M+H)⁺.

163c)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and isopropylamine (7.03 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (16.4 mg, 48.5%). LC-MS m/z 615 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1643-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N,4-dimethylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and methylamine (41.3 uL,0.0825 mmol, 2M soln in THF). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (7.2 mg, 22%). LC-MS m/z 587(M+H)⁺.

Example 165 3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N,N,4-trimethylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and dimethylamine (41.3 uL,0.0825 mmol, 2M soln in THF). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (11.5 mg, 35%). LC-MS m/z 601(M+H)⁺.

Example 1663-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and propylamine (6.78 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (18.6 mg, 55%). LC-MS m/z 615 (M+H)⁺.

Example 167N-butyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and butylamine (8.19 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (18.7 mg, 55%). LC-MS m/z 629 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1683-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2-methylpropyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and isobutylamine (8.28 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (18.4 mg, 53%). LC-MS m/z 629 (M+H)⁺.

Example 169N-cyclopentyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and cyclopentanamine (8.15 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (16.9 mg, 48%). LC-MS m/z 641 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1703-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and t-butylamine (8.71 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (17.6 mg, 51%). LC-MS m/z 629 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1713-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanamine(8.65 uL, 0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (17.8 mg, 50%). LC-MS m/z 643(M+H)⁺.

Example 1723-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanamine(6.56 uL, 0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (24.6 mg, 68%). LC-MS mn/z 655(M+H)⁺.

Example 1733-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-ethyl-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and ethylamine (41.3 uL,0.0825 mmol, 2M soln in THF). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (26.2 mg, 78%). LC-MS m/z 601(M+H)⁺.

Example 1743-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 4-fluoroaniline (7.92 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (26.4 mg, 72%). LC-MS m/z 667 (M+H)⁺.

Example 175N-cyclobutyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and cyclobutanamine (7.04 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (24.8 mg, 72%). LC-MS m/z 627 (M+H)⁺.

Example 176N-(cyclopropylmethyl)-3-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 1-cyclopropylmethanamine(7.15 uL, 0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (6.2 mg, 18%). LC-MS m/z 627(M+H)⁺.

Example 1773-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(2-fluoroethyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 2-fluoroethylaminehydrochloride (8.09 mg, 0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rtovernight. Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization withSPE amine cartridge afforded the title compound (11.1 mg, 33%). LC-MSm/z 619 (M+H)⁺.

Example 178N-cyclopropyl-3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperidin-1′-yl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (31.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and cyclopropylamine (5.71 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (13.8 mg, 41%). LC-MS m/z 613 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1793-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide179a)1,1-dimethylethyl3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoate,trifluoroacetate

To the compound4-chloro-2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(600 mg, 1.422 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) and water (5 mL) were added1,1-dimethylethyl3-fluoro-4-methyl-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate(542 mg, 2.132 mol), potassium carbonate (590 mg, 4.26 mmol) andtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(0) (82 mg, 0.071 mmol). Themixture was heated with microwave at 150° C. for 15 minutes. The mixturewas filtered. Separation by HPLC with TFA afforded the crude titlecompound.

179b)3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid trifluoroacetate

To the crude compound 1,1-dimethylethyl3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)-propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoatetrifluoroacetate in dichloromethane (1.5 mL, 23.3 mmol) were added TFA(0.703 mL, 9.5 mmol) and triethylsilane (0.281 mL, 1.82 mmol). Themixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC with TFAafforded the title compound (301 mg, 40%, 2 steps yield). LC-MS m/z 540(M+H)⁺.

179c)3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid trifluoroacetate (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were addedHBTU (25 mg, 0.066 mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) andisopropylamine (7.03 uL, 0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rtovernight. Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization withSPE amine cartridge afforded the title compound (19.3 mg, 60%). LC-MSm/z 581 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1803-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-fluoro-N,4-dimethylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and methylamine (41.5 uL,0.0825 mmol, 2M soln in THF). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (9.6 mg, 31.5%). LC-MS m/z 553(M+H)⁺.

Example 1813-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methyl-N-propylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and propylamine (6.78 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (18.7 mg, 58%). LC-MS m/z 581 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1823-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 4-fluoroaniline (7.92 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (20.1 mg, 58%). LC-MS m/z 633 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1833-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 2-aminothiozole (8.26 mg,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (15.6 mg, 46%). LC-MS m/z 622 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1843-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methyl-N-phenylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and aniline (7.51 uL, 0.0825mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC withTFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded thetitle compound (14.1 mg, 42%). LC-MS m/z 615 (M+H)⁺.

Example 185N-cyclopropyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and cyclopropylamine (5.71 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (20 mg, 60%). LC-MS m/z 579 (M+H)⁺.

Example 186N-cyclopentyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and cyclopentanamine (8.15 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (18.2 mg, 56%). LC-MS m/z 607 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1873-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-5-fluoro-4-methylbenzoicacid (30 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and t-butylamine (8.71 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (14.8 mg, 46%). LC-MS m/z 595 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1884-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-propylbenzamide188a)4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid

To the compound4-chloro-2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(168.75 mg, 0.40 mmol) in dioxane (12 mL) and water (4 mL) were added4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid (148.85 mg,0.60 mol), potassium carbonate (208 mg, 1.20 mmol) andtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (23 mg, 0.02 mmol). The mixturewas heated with microwave at 150° C. for 15 min. The mixture wasconcentrated. It was mixed with DMSO (0.75 mL) and water (0.25 mL).Separation by HPLC afforded the title compound (147 mg, 72%). LC-MS m/z508 (M+H)⁺.

188b)4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-propylbenzamide

To the compound4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (28 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and propylamine (6.78 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (16.1 mg, 53%). LC-MS m/z 549 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1894-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

To the compound4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (28 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and isopropylamine (7.03 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (16.1 mg, 53%). LC-MS m/z 549 (M+H)⁺.

Example 190N-cyclopropyl-4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzamide

To the compound4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (28 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and cyclopropylamine (5.71 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (17.8 mg, 59%). LC-MS m/z 547 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1914-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)benzamide

To the compound4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (28 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 4-fluoroaniline (7.92 uL,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (15.8 mg, 48%). LC-MS m/z 601 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1924-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

To the compound4-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (28 mg, 0.055 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (25 mg, 0.066mmol), triethylamine (15.5 uL, 0.11 mmol) and 2-aminothiazole (8.26 mg,0.0825 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation byHPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridgeafforded the title compound (5.8 mg, 18%). LC-MS m/z 590 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1933-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-methylbenzamide193 a)3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2-6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (GSK1120344A)

To the compound4-chloro-2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-one(210.5 mg, 0.50 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) and water (5 mL) were added3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoic acid (125 mg,0.75 mol), potassium carbonate (210 mg, 1.20 mmol) andtetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (29 mg, 0.025 mmol). Themixture was heated with microwave at 150° C. for 15 min. The mixture wasconcentrated, then mixed with DMSO (0.75 mL) and water (0.25 mL).Separation by HPLC afforded the title compound (467 mg, 32%). LC-MS m/z508 (M+H)⁺.

193b)3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-methylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and methylamine (45 uL, 0.09mmol, 2M soln in THF). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight.Separation by HPLC with TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE aminecartridge afforded the title compound (9.6 mg, 31%). LC-MS m/z 521(M+H)⁺.

Example 1943-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-propylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and propylamine (7.40 uL, 0.09mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC withTFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded thetitle compound (20.8 mg, 63%). LC-MS m/z 549 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1953-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(1-methylethyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and isopropylamine (7.67 uL,0.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (20.5 mg, 62%). LC-MS m/z 549 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1963-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and 4-fluoroaniline (8.64 uL,0.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (20 mg, 55.5%). LC-MS m/z 601 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1973-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and 2-aminothiazole (9.01 uL,0.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (20.5 mg, 58%). LC-MS m/z 590 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1983-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-1-N-phenylbenzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and aniline (8.21 uL, 0.09mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLC withTFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge afforded thetitle compound (17.2 mg, 49%). LC-MS m/z 583 (M+H)⁺.

Example 1993-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino)-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-N-(1,1-dimethylethyl)benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and t-butylamine (9.54 uL,0.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (17.4 mg, 52%). LC-MS m/z 563 (M+H)⁺.

Example 200N-cyclopentyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and cyclopentanamine (8.91 uL,0.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (6.0 mg, 17%). LC-MS m/z 575 (M+H)⁺.

Example 201N-cyclopropyl-3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]-pyrimidin-4-yl]benzamide

To the compound3-[2-{[3-(diethylamino)propyl]amino}-8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]benzoicacid (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) were added HBTU (27 mg, 0.072mmol), triethylamine (16.9 uL, 0.12 mmol) and cyclopropylamine (6.24 uL,0.09 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight. Separation by HPLCwith TFA, followed by neutralization with SPE amine cartridge affordedthe title compound (15 mg, 46.6%). LC-MS m/z 547 (M+H)⁺.

Example 202 1,1-dimethylethyl (2-{8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-methyl-5{(2-phenylethyl)amino]carbonyl}phenyl)-7-oxo-7-8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)methylcarbamate202a)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide

To the solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methylbenzoicacid (220 mg, 0.50 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added(2-phenylethyl)amine (69.1 μL, 0.55 mmol), EDC (105 mg, 0.55 mmol), HOBt(6.8 mg, 0.05 mmol) and Et₃N (281 mL, 2.0 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. Then was quenched withH₂O, extracted with DCM, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated andapplied to flash chromatography to afford the titled compound 202 mg(74%).

202b)3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide

To the solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylthio)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide(200 mg, 0.369 mmol) in dichloromethane (7 mL) was added m-CPBA (86.1mg, 0.553 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 10 minutes. Then the reaction mixture was applied to flashchromatography to afford the titled compound 157 mg (76%).

202c) 1,1-dimethylethyl(2-{[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-methyl-5-{(2-phenylethyl)amino]carbonyl}phenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)methylcarbamate

To the solution of3-[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-2-(methylsulfinyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]-4-methyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)benzamide(156 mg, 0.28 mmol) in dichloromethane (11 mL) was added1,1-dimethylethyl (2-aminoethyl)methylcarbamate (75 μL, 0.42 mmol) andtriethylamine (78.7 μL, 0.56 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 16 hours then applied to the flash chromatograph toafford the titled compound 147 mg (79%). LC-MS m/z 669 (M+H)⁺; ¹H-NMR(MeOD) 1.30 (m, 9 H), 2.31 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 2 H), 2.76 (m, 1 H), 2.92(m, 2 H), 3.22 (m, 2 H), 3.45 (m, 1 H), 3.60 (m, 2 H), 6.35 (m, 1 H),7.19 (m, 2 H), 7.26 (m, 5 H), 7.43 (m, 1 H), 7.49 (m, 1 H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.74 (m, 1 H), 7.97 (m, 1 H).

Methods of Treatment

The compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia), (II) and (IIa), (III) and (IIIa),(IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VIa-VIi), (VIII), (VIIIa), (IX), (IXa),(A), (A1), (B), and (B1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate,or physiologically functional derivative thereof can be used in themanufacture of a medicament for the prophylactic or therapeutictreatment of any disease state in a human, or other mammal, which isexacerbated or caused by excessive or unregulated cytokine production bysuch mammal's cell, such as but not limited to monocytes and/ormacrophages.

For purposes herein, compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia), (II) and (IIa),(III) and (IIIa), (IV) and (IVa), (V) and (Va), (VIa-VIi), (VIII),(VIIIa), (IX), (IXa), (A), (A1), (B), and (B1) will all be referred toas compounds of Formula (I) herein unless otherwise indicated.

Compounds of Formula (I) are capable of inhibiting proinflammatorycytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF and are therefore of use intherapy. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF affect a wide variety of cells andtissues and these cytokines, as well as other leukocyte-derivedcytokines, are important and critical inflammatory mediators of a widevariety of disease states and conditions. The inhibition of thesepro-inflammatory cytokines is of benefit in controlling, reducing andalleviating many of these disease states.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of treating acytokine-mediated disease which comprises administering an effectivecytokine-interfering amount of a compound of Formula (I) or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Compounds of Formula (I) are capable of inhibiting inducibleproinflammatory proteins, such as COX-2, also referred to by many othernames such as prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PGHS-2) and aretherefore of use in therapy. These proinflammatory lipid mediators ofthe cyclooxygenase (CO) pathway are produced by the inducible COX-2enzyme. Regulation, therefore of COX-2 which is responsible for thethese products derived from arachidonic acid, such as prostaglandinsaffect a wide variety of cells and tissues are important and criticalinflammatory mediators of a wide variety of disease states andconditions. Expression of COX-1 is not effected by compounds of Formula(I). This selective inhibition of COX-2 may alleviate or spareulcerogenic liability associated with inhibition of COX-1 therebyinhibiting prostaglandins essential for cytoprotective effects. Thusinhibition of these pro-inflammatory mediators is of benefit incontrolling, reducing and alleviating many of these disease states. Mostnotably these inflammatory mediators, in particular prostaglandins, havebeen implicated in pain, such as in the sensitization of pain receptors,or edema. This aspect of pain management therefore includes treatment ofneuromuscular pain, headache, cancer pain, and arthritis pain. Compoundsof Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are of usein the prophylaxis or therapy in a human, or other mammal, by inhibitionof the synthesis of the COX-2 enzyme.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of inhibiting thesynthesis of COX-2 which comprises administering an effective amount ofa compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.The present invention also provides for a method of prophylaxistreatment in a human, or other mammal, by inhibition of the synthesis ofthe COX-2 enzyme.

In particular, compounds of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof are of use in the prophylaxis or therapy of any diseasestate in a human, or other mammal, which is exacerbated by or caused byexcessive or unregulated IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF production by suchmammal's cell, such as, but not limited to, monocytes and/ormacrophages.

Accordingly, in another aspect, this invention relates to a method ofinhibiting the production of IL-1 in a mammal in need thereof whichcomprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of a compoundof Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

There are many disease states in which excessive or unregulated IL-1production is implicated in exacerbating and/or causing the disease.These include rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, meningitis, ischemicand hemorrhagic stroke, neurotrauma/closed head injury, stroke,endotoxemia and/or toxic shock syndrome, other acute or chronicinflammatory disease states such as the inflammatory reaction induced byendotoxin or inflammatory bowel disease, tuberculosis, atherosclerosis,muscle degeneration, multiple sclerosis, cachexia, bone resorption,psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, gout, traumatic arthritis,rubella arthritis and acute synovitis. Recent evidence also links IL-1activity to diabetes, pancreatic B cell diseases and Alzheimer'sdisease.

Use of a CSAID inhibitor compound for the treatment of CSBP mediateddisease states, can include, but not be limited to neurodegenerativediseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (as noted above), Parkinson'sdisease and multiple sclerosis, etc.

In a further aspect, this invention relates to a method of inhibitingthe production of TNF in a mammal in need thereof which comprisesadministering to said mammal an effective amount of a compound ofFormula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Excessive or unregulated TNF production has been implicated in mediatingor exacerbating a number of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis,rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and otherarthritic conditions, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gramnegative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, adult respiratory distresssyndrome, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease and chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, silicosis, pulmonary sarcoisosis, bone resorptiondiseases, such as osteoporosis, cardiac, brain and renal reperfusioninjury, graft vs. host reaction, allograft rejections, fever andmyalgias due to infection, such as influenza, brain infections includingencephalitis (including HIV-induced forms), cerebral malaria,meningitis, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cachexia secondary toinfection or malignancy, cachexia secondary to acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS, ARC (AIDS related complex), keloidformation, scar tissue formation, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn'sdisease, ulcerative colitis and pyresis.

Compounds of Formula (I) are also useful in the treatment of viralinfections, where such viruses are sensitive to upregulation by TNF orwill elicit TNF production in vivo. The viruses contemplated fortreatment herein are those that produce TNF as a result of infection, orthose which are sensitive to inhibition, such as by decreasedreplication, directly or indirectly, by the TNF inhibiting-compounds ofFormula (1). Such viruses include, but are not limited to HIV-1, HIV-2and HIV-3, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Influenza, adenovirus and the Herpesgroup of viruses, such as but not limited to, Herpes Zoster and HerpesSimplex. Accordingly, in a further aspect, this invention relates to amethod of treating a mammal afflicted with a human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV) which comprises administering to such mammal an effectiveTNF inhibiting amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

It is also recognized that both IL-6 and IL-8 are produced duringrhinovirus (HRV) infections and contribute to the pathogenesis of commoncold and exacerbation of asthma associated with HRV infection (Turner etal. (1998), Clin. Infec. Dis., Vol. 26, p 840; Teren et al. (1997), Am.J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., Vol. 155, p 1362; Grunberg et al. (1997),Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. Vol. 156, p 609 and Zhu et al, J Clin.Invest (1996), 97:421). It has also been demonstrated in vitro thatinfection of pulmonary epithelial cells with HRV results in productionof IL-6 and IL-8 (Subauste et al., J. Clin. Invest. 1995, 96:549.)Epithelial cells represent the primary site of infection of HRV.Therefore another aspect of the present invention is a method oftreatment to reduce inflammation associated with a rhinovirus infection,not necessarily a direct effect on virus itself.

Compounds of Formula (I) may also be used in association with theveterinary treatment of mammals, other than in humans, in need ofinhibition of TNF production. TNF mediated diseases for treatment,therapeutically or prophylactically, in animals include disease statessuch as those noted above, but in particular viral infections. Examplesof such viruses include, but are not limited to, lentivirus infectionssuch as, equine infectious anaemia virus, caprine arthritis virus, visnavirus, or maedi virus or retrovirus infections, such as but not limitedto feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), bovine immunodeficiency virus,or canine immunodeficiency virus or other retroviral infections.

The compounds of Formula (I) may also be used topically in the treatmentor prophylaxis of topical disease states mediated by or exacerbated byexcessive cytokine production, such as by IL-1 or TNF respectively, suchas inflamed joints, eczema, psoriasis and other inflammatory skinconditions such as sunburn; inflammatory eye conditions includingconjunctivitis; pyresis, pain and other conditions associated withinflammation. Periodontal disease has also been implemented in cytokineproduction, both topically and systemically. Hence use of compounds ofFormula (I) to control the inflammation associated with cytokineproduction in such peroral diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitisis another aspect of the present invention.

Compounds of Formula (I) have also been shown to inhibit the productionof IL-8 (Interleukin-8, NAP). Accordingly, in a further aspect, thisinvention relates to a method of inhibiting the production of IL-8 in amammal in need thereof which comprises administering to said mammal aneffective amount of a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

There are many disease states in which excessive or unregulated IL-8production is implicated in exacerbating and/or causing the disease.These diseases are characterized by massive neutrophil infiltration suchas, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, cardiac, brain andrenal reperfusion injury, adult respiratory distress syndrome,thrombosis and glomerulonephritis. All of these diseases are associatedwith increased IL-8 production which is responsible for the chemotaxisof neutrophils into the inflammatory site. In contrast to otherinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF, and IL-6), IL-8 has the uniqueproperty of promoting neutrophil chemotaxis and activation. Therefore,the inhibition of IL-8 production would lead to a direct reduction inthe neutrophil infiltration.

The compounds of Formula (I) are administered in an amount sufficient toinhibit cytokine, in particular IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF, production suchthat it is regulated down to normal levels, or in some case to subnormallevels, so as to ameliorate or prevent the disease state. Abnormallevels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF, for instance in the context of thepresent invention, constitute: (i) levels of free (not cell bound) IL-1,IL-6, IL-8 or TNF greater than or equal to 1 picogram per ml; (ii) anycell associated IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF; or (iii) the presence of IL-1,IL-6, IL-8 or TNF mRNA above basal levels in cells or tissues in whichIL-1, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF, respectively, is produced.

The discovery that the compounds of Formula (I) are inhibitors ofcytokines, specifically IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF is based upon theeffects of the compounds of Formulas (I) on the production of the IL-1,IL-8 and TNF in in vitro assays which are described herein.

As used herein, the term “inhibiting the production of IL-1 (IL-6, IL-8or TNF)” refers to:

a) a decrease of excessive in vivo levels of the cytokine (IL-1, IL-6,IL-8 or TNF) in a human to normal or sub-normal levels by inhibition ofthe in release of the cytokine by all cells, including but not limitedto monocytes or macrophages;

b) a down regulation, at the genomic level, of excessive in vivo levelsof the cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF) in a human to normal orsub-normal levels;

c) a down regulation, by inhibition of the direct synthesis of thecytokine (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF) as a postranslational event; or

d) a down regulation, at the translational level, of excessive in vivolevels of the cytokine (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 or TNF) in a human to normal orsub-normal levels.

As used herein, the term “TNF mediated disease or disease state” refersto any and all disease states in which TNF plays a role, either byproduction of TNF itself, or by TNF causing another monokine to bereleased, such as but not limited to IL-1, IL-6 or IL-8. A disease statein which, for instance, IL-1 is a major component, and whose productionor action, is exacerbated or secreted in response to TNF, wouldtherefore be considered a disease stated mediated by TNF.

As used herein, the term “cytokine” refers to any secreted polypeptidethat affects the functions of cells and is a molecule which modulatesinteractions between cells in the immune, inflammatory or hematopoieticresponse. A cytokine includes, but is not limited to, monokines andlymphokines, regardless of which cells produce them. For instance, amonokine is generally referred to as being produced and secreted by amononuclear cell, such as a macrophage and/or monocyte. Many other cellshowever also produce monokines, such as natural killer cells,fibroblasts, basophils, neutrophils, endothelial cells, brainastrocytes, bone marrow stromal cells, epideral keratinocytes andB-lymphocytes. Lymphokines are generally referred to as being producedby lymphocyte cells. Examples of cytokines include, but are not limitedto, Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8),Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Tumor Necrosis Factor beta(TNF-β).

As used herein, the term “cytokine interfering” or “cytokine suppressiveamount” refers to an effective amount of a compound of Formula (I) whichwill cause a decrease in the in vivo levels of the cytokine to normal orsub-normal levels, when given to a patient for the prophylaxis ortreatment of a disease state which is exacerbated by, or caused by,excessive or unregulated cytokine production.

As used herein, the cytokine referred to in the phrase “inhibition of acytokine, for use in the treatment of a HIV-infected human” is acytokine which is implicated in (a) the initiation and/or maintenance ofT cell activation and/or activated T cell-mediated HIV gene expressionand/or replication and/or (b) any cytokine-mediated disease associatedproblem such as cachexia or muscle degeneration.

As TNF-β (also known as lymphotoxin) has close structural homology withTNF-α (also known as cachectin) and since each induces similar biologicresponses and binds to the same cellular receptor, both TNF-α and TNF-βare inhibited by the compounds of the present invention and thus areherein referred to collectively as “TNF” unless specifically delineatedotherwise.

A member of the MAP kinase family, alternatively termed CSBP, p38, orRK, has been identified independently by several laboratories.Activation of this novel protein kinase via dual phosphorylation hasbeen observed in different cell systems upon stimulation by a widespectrum of stimuli, such as physicochemical stress and treatment withlipopolysaccbaride or proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1and tumor necrosis factor. The cytokine biosynthesis inhibitors, of thepresent invention, compounds of Formula (I) have been determined to bepotent and selective inhibitors of CSBP/p38/RK kinase activity. It hasbeen found that some of the compounds of Formula I exhibit reversibletime-dependent inhibition of the p38 kinase due to the kinetics of slowbinding and/or slow dissociation, resulting in an improved apparent IC50when a compound has been preincubated with the enzyme or with cells.This slow, tight binding property may contribute to enhanced potency ofsuch compounds both in vitro and in vivo.

These inhibitors are of aid in determining the signaling pathwaysinvolvement in inflammatory responses. In particular, for the first timea definitive signal transduction pathway can be prescribed to the actionof lipopolysaccharide in cytokine production in macrophages. In additionto those diseases already noted, treatment of stroke, neurotrauma,cardiac and renal reperfusion injury, congestive heart failure, coronaryarterial bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, chronic renal failure,angiogenesis & related processes, such as cancer, thrombosis,glomerulonephritis, diabetes and pancreatic β cells, multiple sclerosis,muscle degeneration, eczema, psoriasis, sunburn, and conjunctivitis arealso included.

The CSBP inhibitors were subsequently tested in a number of animalmodels for anti-inflammatory activity. Model systems were chosen thatwere relatively insensitive to cyclooxygenase inhibitors in order toreveal the unique activities of cytokine suppressive agents. Theinhibitors exhibited significant activity in many such in vivo studies.Most notable are its effectiveness in the collagen-induced arthritismodel and inhibition of TNF production in the endotoxic shock model. Inthe latter study, the reduction in plasma level of TNF correlated withsurvival and protection from endotoxic shock related mortality. Also ofgreat importance are the compounds effectiveness in inhibiting boneresorption in a rat fetal long bone organ culture system. Griswold etal., (1988) Arthritis Rheum. 31:1406-1412; Badger, et al., (1989) Circ.Shock 27, 51-61; Votta et al., (1994) in vitro. Bone 15, 533-538; Lee etal., (1993). B Ann. N Y. Acad. Sci. 696, 149-170.

Chronic diseases which have an inappropriate angiogenic component arevarious ocular neovasularizations, such as diabetic retinopathy andmacular degeneration. Other chronic diseases which have an excessive orincreased proliferation of vasculature are tumor growth and metastasis,atherosclerosis, and certain arthritic conditions. Therefore CSBP kinaseinhibitors will be of utility in the blocking of the angiogeniccomponent of these disease states.

The term “excessive or increased proliferation of vasculatureinappropriate angiogenesis” as used herein includes, but is not limitedto, diseases which are characterized by hemangiomas and ocular diseases.

The term “inappropriate angiogenesis” as used herein includes, but isnot limited to, diseases which are characterized by vesicleproliferation with accompanying tissue proliferation, such as occurs incancer, metastasis, arthritis and atherosclerosis.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method of treating a CSBPkinase mediated disease in a mammal in need thereof, preferably a human,which comprises administering to said mammal, an effective amount of acompound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In order to use a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof in therapy, it will normally be formulated intoa pharmaceutical composition in accordance with standard pharmaceuticalpractice. This invention, therefore, also relates to a pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective, non-toxic amount of a compound ofFormula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

Compounds of Formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof andpharmaceutical compositions incorporating such may conveniently beadministered by any of the routes conventionally used for drugadministration, for instance, orally, topically, parenterally or byinhalation. The compounds of Formula (I) may be administered inconventional dosage forms prepared by combining a compound of Formula(I) with standard pharmaceutical carriers according to conventionalprocedures. The compounds of Formula (I) may also be administered inconventional dosages in combination with a known, second therapeuticallyactive compound. These procedures may involve mixing, granulating andcompressing or dissolving the ingredients as appropriate to the desiredpreparation. It will be appreciated that the form and character of thepharmaceutically acceptable character or diluent is dictated by theamount of active ingredient with which it is to be combined, the routeof administration and other well-known variables. The carrier(s) must be“acceptable” in the sense of being compatible with the other ingredientsof the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.

The pharmaceutical carrier employed may be, for example, either a solidor liquid. Exemplary of solid carriers are lactose, terra alba, sucrose,talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, stearic acidand the like. Exemplary of liquid carriers are syrup, peanut oil, oliveoil, water and the like. Similarly, the carrier or diluent may includetime delay material well known to the art, such as glycerylmono-stearate or glyceryl distearate alone or with a wax.

A wide variety of pharmaceutical forms can be employed. Thus, if a solidcarrier is used, the preparation can be tableted, placed in a hardgelatin capsule in powder or pellet form or in the form of a troche orlozenge. The amount of solid carrier will vary widely but preferablywill be from about 25 mg. to about 1 g. When a liquid carrier is used,the preparation will be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatincapsule, sterile injectable liquid such as an ampule or nonaqueousliquid suspension.

Compounds of Formula (I) may be administered topically, that is bynon-systemic administration. This includes the application of a compoundof Formula (I) externally to the epidermis or the buccal cavity and theinstillation of such a compound into the ear, eye and nose, such thatthe compound does not significantly enter the blood stream. In contrast,systemic administration refers to oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal andintramuscular administration.

Formulations suitable for topical administration include liquid orsemi-liquid preparations suitable for penetration through the skin tothe site of inflammation such as liniments, lotions, creams, ointmentsor pastes, and drops suitable for administration to the eye, ear ornose. The active ingredient may comprise, for topical administration,from 0.001% to 10% w/w, for instance from 1% to 2% by weight of theformulation. It may however comprise as much as 10% w/w but preferablywill comprise less than 5% w/w, more preferably from 0.1% to 1% w/w ofthe formulation.

Lotions according to the present invention include those suitable forapplication to the skin or eye. An eye lotion may comprise a sterileaqueous solution optionally containing a bactericide and may be preparedby methods similar to those for the preparation of drops. Lotions orliniments for application to the skin may also include an agent tohasten drying and to cool the skin, such as an alcohol or acetone,and/or a moisturizer such as glycerol or an oil such as castor oil orarachis oil.

Creams, ointments or pastes according to the present invention aresemi-solid formulations of the active ingredient for externalapplication. They may be made by mixing the active ingredient infinely-divided or powdered form, alone or in solution or suspension inan aqueous or non-aqueous fluid, with the aid of suitable machinery,with a greasy or non-greasy base. The base may comprise hydrocarbonssuch as hard, soft or liquid paraffin, glycerol, beeswax, a metallicsoap; a mucilage; an oil of natural origin such as almond, corn,arachis, castor or olive oil; wool fat or its derivatives or a fattyacid such as stearic or oleic acid together with an alcohol such aspropylene glycol or a macrogel. The formulation may incorporate anysuitable surface active agent such as an anionic, cationic or non-ionicsurfactant such as a sorbitan ester or a polyoxyethylene derivativethereof. Suspending agents such as natural gums, cellulose derivativesor inorganic materials such as silicaceous silicas, and otheringredients such as lanolin, may also be included.

Drops according to the present invention may comprise sterile aqueous oroily solutions or suspensions and may be prepared by dissolving theactive ingredient in a suitable aqueous solution of a bactericidaland/or fungicidal agent and/or any other suitable preservative, andpreferably including a surface active agent. The resulting solution maythen be clarified by filtration, transferred to a suitable containerwhich is then sealed and sterilized by autoclaving or maintaining at98-100° C. for half an hour. Alternatively, the solution may besterilized by filtration and transferred to the container by an aseptictechnique. Examples of bactericidal and fungicidal agents suitable forinclusion in the drops are phenylmercuric nitrate or acetate (0.002%),benzalkonium chloride (0.01%) and chlorhexidine acetate (0.01%).Suitable solvents for the preparation of an oily solution includeglycerol, diluted alcohol and propylene glycol.

Compounds of Formula (I) may be administered parenterally, that is byintravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous intranasal, intrarectal,intravaginal or intraperitoneal administration. The subcutaneous andintramuscular forms of parenteral administration are generallypreferred. Appropriate dosage forms for such administration may beprepared by conventional techniques. Compounds of Formula (I) may alsobe administered by inhalation, that is by intranasal and oral inhalationadministration. Appropriate dosage forms for such administration, suchas an aerosol formulation or a metered dose inhaler, may be prepared byconventional techniques.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the agents of the presentinvention are delivered via oral inhalation or intranasaladministration. Appropriate dosage forms for such administration, suchas an aerosol formulation or a metered dose inhaler, may be prepared byconventional techniques.

For administration by inhalation the compounds may be delivered in theform of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or anebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g.dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,dichlorotetrafluoroethane, a hydrofluoroalkane such as tetrafluoroethaneor heptafluoropropane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the caseof a pressurized aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providinga valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges of e.g.gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulatedcontaining a powder mix of a compound of the invention and a suitablepowder base such as lactose or starch.

Dry powder compositions for topical delivery to the lung by inhalationmay, for example, be presented in capsules and cartridges of for examplegelatine or blisters of for example laminated aluminium foil, for use inan inhaler or insufflator. Powder blend formulations generally contain apowder mix for inhalation of the compound of the invention and asuitable powder base (carrier/diluent/excipient substance) such asmono-, di or poly-saccharides (e.g. lactose or starch). Use of lactoseis preferred.

Each capsule or cartridge may generally contain between 20μg-10 mg ofthe compound of formula (I) or (Ia) optionally in combination withanother therapeutically active ingredient. Alternatively, the compoundof the invention may be presented without excipients.

Suitably, the packing/medicament dispenser is of a type selected fromthe group consisting of a reservoir dry powder inhaler (RDPI), amulti-dose dry powder inhaler (MDPI), and a metered dose inhaler (MDI).

By reservoir dry powder inhaler (RDPI) it is meant an inhaler having areservoir form pack suitable for comprising multiple (un-metered doses)of medicament in dry powder form and including means for meteringmedicament dose from the reservoir to a delivery position. The meteringmeans may for example comprise a metering cup, which is movable from afirst position where the cup may be filled with medicament from thereservoir to a second position where the metered medicament dose is madeavailable to the patient for inhalation.

By multi-dose dry powder inhaler (MDPI) is meant an inhaler suitable fordispensing medicament in dry powder form, wherein the medicament iscomprised within a multi-dose pack containing (or otherwise carrying)multiple, define doses (or parts thereof) of medicament. In a preferredaspect, the carrier has a blister pack form, but it could also, forexample, comprise a capsule-based pack form or a carrier onto whichmedicament has been applied by any suitable process including printing,painting and vacuum occlusion.

In the case of multi-dose delivery, the formulation can be pre-metered(e.g. as in Diskus, see GB 2242134, U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,632,666, 5,860,419,5,873,360 and 5,590,645 or Diskhaler, see GB 2178965, 2129691 and2169265, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,778,054, 4,811,731, 5,035,237, the disclosuresof which are hereby incorporated by reference) or metered in use (e.g.as in Turbuhaler, see EP 69715 or in the devices described in U.S. Pat.No. 6,321,747 the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated byreference). An example of a unit-dose device is Rotahaler (see GB2064336 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,353,656, the disclosures of which are herebyincorporated by reference).

The Diskus inhalation device comprises an elongate strip formed from abase sheet having a plurality of recesses spaced along its length and alid sheet hermetically but peelably sealed thereto to define a pluralityof containers, each container having therein an inhalable formulationcontaining a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) preferably combined withlactose. Preferably, the strip is sufficiently flexible to be wound intoa roll. The lid sheet and base sheet will preferably have leading endportions which are not sealed to one another and at least one of thesaid leading end portions is constructed to be attached to a windingmeans. Also, preferably the hermetic seal between the base and lidsheets extends over their whole width. The lid sheet may preferably bepeeled from the base sheet in a longitudinal direction from a first endof the said base sheet.

In one aspect, the multi-dose pack is a blister pack comprising multipleblisters for containment of medicament in dry powder form. The blistersare typically arranged in regular fashion for ease of release ofmedicament there from.

In one aspect, the multi-dose blister pack comprises plural blistersarranged in generally circular fashion on a disc-form blister pack. Inanother aspect, the multi-dose blister pack is elongate in form, forexample comprising a strip or a tape.

In one aspect, the multi-dose blister pack is defined between twomembers peelably secured to one another. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,860,419,5,873,360 and 5,590,645 describe medicament packs of this general type.In this aspect, the device is usually provided with an opening stationcomprising peeling means for peeling the members apart to access eachmedicament dose. Suitably, the device is adapted for use where thepeelable members are elongate sheets which define a plurality ofmedicament containers spaced along the length thereof, the device beingprovided with indexing means for indexing each container in turn. Morepreferably, the device is adapted for use where one of the sheets is abase sheet having a plurality of pockets therein, and the other of thesheets is a lid sheet, each pocket and the adjacent part of the lidsheet defining a respective one of the containers, the device comprisingdriving means for pulling the lid sheet and base sheet apart at theopening station.

By metered dose inhaler (MDI) it is meant a medicament dispensersuitable for dispensing medicament in aerosol form, wherein themedicament is comprised in an aerosol container suitable for containinga propellant-based aerosol medicament formulation. The aerosol containeris typically provided with a metering valve, for example a slide valve,for release of the aerosol form medicament formulation to the patient.The aerosol container is generally designed to deliver a predetermineddose of medicament upon each actuation by means of the valve, which canbe opened either by depressing the valve while the container is heldstationary or by depressing the container while the valve is heldstationary.

Where the medicament container is an aerosol container, the valvetypically comprises a valve body having an inlet port through which amedicament aerosol formulation may enter said valve body, an outlet portthrough which the aerosol may exit the valve body and an open/closemechanism by means of which flow through said outlet port iscontrollable.

The valve may be a slide valve wherein the open/close mechanismcomprises a sealing ring and receivable by the sealing ring a valve stemhaving a dispensing passage, the valve stem being slidably movablewithin the ring from a valve-closed to a valve-open position in whichthe interior of the valve body is in communication with the exterior ofthe valve body via the dispensing passage.

Typically, the valve is a metering valve. The metering volumes aretypically from 10 to 100 μl, such as 25 μl, 50 μl or 63 μl. Suitably,the valve body defines a metering chamber for metering an amount ofmedicament formulation and an open/close mechanism by means of which theflow through the inlet port to the metering chamber is controllable.Preferably, the valve body has a sampling chamber in communication withthe metering chamber via a second inlet port, said inlet port beingcontrollable by means of an open/close mechanism thereby regulating theflow of medicament formulation into the metering chamber.

The valve may also comprise a ‘free flow aerosol valve’ having a chamberand a valve stem extending into the chamber and movable relative to thechamber between dispensing and non-dispensing positions. The valve stemhas a configuration and the chamber has an internal configuration suchthat a metered volume is defined there between and such that duringmovement between is non-dispensing and dispensing positions the valvestem sequentially: (i) allows free flow of aerosol formulation into thechamber, (ii) defines a closed metered volume for pressurized aerosolformulation between the external surface of the valve stem and internalsurface of the chamber, and (iii) moves with the closed metered volumewithin the chamber without decreasing the volume of the closed meteredvolume until the metered volume communicates with an outlet passagethereby allowing dispensing of the metered volume of pressurized aerosolformulation. A valve of this type is described in U.S. Pat. No.5,772,085. Additionally, intra-nasal delivery of the present compoundsis effective.

To formulate an effective pharmaceutical nasal composition, themedicament must be delivered readily to all portions of the nasalcavities (the target tissues) where it performs its pharmacologicalfunction. Additionally, the medicament should remain in contact with thetarget tissues for relatively long periods of time. The longer themedicament remains in contact with the target tissues, the medicamentmust be capable of resisting those forces in the nasal passages thatfunction to remove particles from the nose. Such forces, referred to as‘mucociliary clearance’, are recognised as being extremely effective inremoving particles from the nose in a rapid manner, for example, within10-30 minutes from the time the particles enter the nose.

Other desired characteristics of a nasal composition are that it mustnot contain ingredients which cause the user discomfort, that it hassatisfactory stability and shelf-life properties, and that it does notinclude constituents that are considered to be detrimental to theenvironment, for example ozone depletors.

A suitable dosing regime for the formulation of the present inventionwhen administered to the nose would be for the patient to inhale deeplysubsequent to the nasal cavity being cleared. During inhalation theformulation would be applied to one nostril while the other is manuallycompressed. This procedure would then be repeated for the other nostril.

One means for applying the formulation of the present invention to thenasal passages is by use of a pre-compression pump. Most preferably, thepre-compression pump will be a VP7 model manufactured by Valois SA. Sucha pump is beneficial as it will ensure that the formulation is notreleased until a sufficient force has been applied, otherwise smallerdoses may be applied. Another advantage of the pre-compression pump isthat atomisation of the spray is ensured as it will not release theformulation until the threshold pressure for effectively atoinising thespray has been achieved. Typically, the VP7 model may be used with abottle capable of holding 10-50 ml of a formulation. Each spray willtypically deliver 50-100 μl of such a formulation; therefore, the VP7model is capable of providing at least 100 metered doses.

Spray compositions for topical delivery to the lung by inhalation mayfor example be formulated as aqueous solutions or suspensions or asaerosols delivered from pressurised packs, such as a metered doseinhaler, with the use of a suitable liquefied propellant. Aerosolcompositions suitable for inhalation can be either a suspension or asolution and generally contain the compound of Formula (I) or (Ia)optionally in combination with another therapeutically active ingredientand a suitable propellant such as a fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containingchlorofluorocarbon or mixtures thereof, particularly hydrofluoroalkanes,e.g. dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane,dichlorotetra-fluoroethane, especially 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane,1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane or a mixture thereof. Carbon dioxideor other suitable gas may also be used as propellant. The aerosolcomposition may be excipient free or may optionally contain additionalformulation excipients well known in the art such as surfactants, e.g.,oleic acid or lecithin and cosolvents, e.g. ethanol. Pressurisedformulations will generally be retained in a canister (e.g. an aluminiumcanister) closed with a valve (e.g. a metering valve) and fitted into anactuator provided with a mouthpiece. Medicaments for administration byinhalation desirably have a controlled particle size. The optimumparticle size for inhalation into the bronchial system is usually 1-10μm, preferably 2-5 μm. Particles having a size above 20 μm are generallytoo large when inhaled to reach the small airways. To achieve theseparticle sizes the particles of the active ingredient as produced may besize reduced by conventional means e.g., by micronization. The desiredfraction may be separated out by air classification or sieving.Suitably, the particles will be crystalline in form. When an excipientsuch as lactose is employed, generally, the particle size of theexcipient will be much greater than the inhaled medicament within thepresent invention. When the excipient is lactose it will typically bepresent as milled lactose, wherein not more than 85% of lactoseparticles will have a MMD of 60-90 μm and not less than 15% will have aMMD of less than 15 μm.

Intranasal sprays may be formulated with aqueous or non-aqueous vehicleswith the addition of agents such as thickening agents, buffer salts oracid or alkali to adjust the pH, isotonicity adjusting agents oranti-oxidants.

Solutions for inhalation by nebulization may be formulated with anaqueous vehicle with the addition of agents such as acid or alkali,buffer salts, isotonicity adjusting agents or antimicrobials. They maybe sterilised by filtration or heating in an autoclave, or presented asa non-sterile product.

Suitably, administration by inhalation may preferably target the organof interest for respiratory diseases, i.e. the lung, and in doing so mayreduce the efficacious dose needed to be delivered to the patient. Inaddition, administration by inhalation may reduce the systemic exposureof the compound thus avoiding effects of the compound outside the lung.

For all methods of use disclosed herein for the compounds of Formula(I), the daily oral dosage regimen will preferably be from about 0.05 toabout 80 mg/kg of total body weight, preferably from about 0.1 to 30mg/kg, more preferably from about 0.5 mg to 15 mg/kg, administered inone or more daily doses. The daily parenteral dosage regimen about 0.1to about 80 mg/kg of total body weight, preferably from about 0.2 toabout 30 mg/kg, and more preferably from about 0.5 mg to 15 mg/kg,administered in one or more daily doses. The daily topical dosageregimen will preferably be from 0.01 mg to 150 mg, administered one tofour times daily. The daily inhalation dosage regimen will be from about0.05 microgram/kg to about 1 mg/kg per day, preferably from about 0.2microgram/kg to about 20 microgram/kg, administered in one or more dailydoses. It will also be recognized by one of skill in the art that theoptimal quantity and spacing of individual dosages of a compound ofFormula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof will bedetermined by the nature and extent of the condition being treated, theform, route and site of administration, and the particular patient beingtreated, and that such optimums can be determined by conventionaltechniques. It will also be appreciated by one of skill in the art thatthe optimal course of treatment, i.e., the number of doses of a compoundof Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof given perday for a defined number of days, can be ascertained by those skilled inthe art using conventional course of treatment determination tests.

The novel compounds of Formula (I) may also be used in association withthe veterinary treatment of mammals, other than humans, in need ofinhibition of CSBP/p38 or cytokine inhibition or production. Inparticular, CSBP/p38 mediated diseases for treatment, therapeutically orprophylactically, in animals include disease states such as those notedherein in the Methods of Treatment section, but in particular viralinfections. Examples of such viruses include, but are not limited to,lentivirus infections such as, equine infectious anaemia virus, caprinearthritis virus, visna virus, or maedi virus or retrovirus infections,such as but not limited to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), bovineimmunodeficiency virus, or canine immunodeficiency virus or otherretroviral infections.

Another aspect of the present invention is a method of treating thecommon cold or respiratory viral infection caused by human rhinovirus(HRV), other enteroviruses, coronavirus, influenza virus, parainfluenzavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, or adenovirus in a human in needthereof which method comprises administering to said human an effectiveamount of a CBSP/p38 inhibitor.

Another aspect of the present invention is a method of treating,including prophylaxis of influenza induced pneumonia in a human in needthereof which method comprises administering to said human an effectiveamount of a CBSP/p38 inhibitor.

The present invention also relates to the use of the CSBP/p38 kinaseinhibitor for the treatment, including prophylaxis, of inflammationassociated with a viral infection of a human rhinovirus (HRV), otherenteroviruses, coronavirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus,respiratory syncytial virus, or adenovirus.

In particular, the present invention is directed to the treatment of aviral infection in a human, which is caused by the human rhinovirus(HRV), other enteroviruses, coronavirus, influenza virus, parainfluenzavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, or an adenovirus. In particular theinvention is directed to respiratory viral infections that exacerbateasthma (induced by such infections), chronic bronchitis, chronicobstructive pulmonary disease, otitis media, and sinusitis. Whileinhibiting IL-8 or other cytokines may be beneficial in treating arhinovirus may be known, the use of an inhibitor of the p38 kinase fortreating HRV or other respiratory viral infections causing the commoncold is believed novel.

It should be noted that the respiratory viral infection treated hereinmay also be associated with a secondary bacterial infection, such asotitis media, sinusitis, or pneumonia.

For use herein treatment may include prophylaxis for use in a treatmentgroup susceptible to such infections. It may also include reducing thesymptoms of, ameliorating the symptoms of, reducing the severity of,reducing the incidence of, or any other change in the condition of thepatient, which improves the therapeutic outcome.

It should be noted that the treatment herein is not directed to theelimination or treatment of the viral organism itself but is directed totreatment of the respiratory viral infection that exacerbates otherdiseases or symptoms of disease, such as asthma (induced by suchinfections), chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,otitis media, and sinusitis.

It should be understood that in addition to the ingredients particularlymentioned above, the formulations of this invention may include otheragents conventional in the art having regard to the type of formulationin question, for example those suitable for oral administration mayinclude flavouring agents.

The compounds and pharmaceutical formulations according to the inventionmay be used in combination with or include one or more other therapeuticagents, for example selected from anti-inflammatory agents,anticholinergic agents (particularly an M₁, M₂, M₁/M₂ or M₃ receptorantagonist), β₂-adrenoreceptor agonists, antiinfective agents (e.g.antibiotics, antivirals), or antihistamines. The invention thusprovides, in a further aspect, a combination comprising a compound offormula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof together with one or moreother therapeutically active agents, for example selected from ananti-inflammatory agent (for example a corticosteroid or an NSAID), ananticholinergic agent, β₂-adrenoreceptor agonist, an antiinfective agent(e.g. an antibiotic or an antiviral), or an antihistamine. One aspect ofthe present invention are combinations comprising a compound of Formula(I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologicallyfunctional derivative thereof together with a corticosteroid, and/or ananticholinergic, and/or a PDE-4 inhibitor. Preferred combinations arethose comprising one or two other therapeutic agents.

It will be clear to a person skilled in the art that, where appropriate,the other therapeutic ingredient(s) may be used in the form of salts,(e.g. as alkali metal or amine salts or as acid addition salts), orprodrugs, or as esters (e.g. lower alkyl esters), or as solvates (e.g.hydrates) to optimise the activity and/or stability and/or physicalcharacteristics (e.g. solubility) of the therapeutic ingredient. It willbe clear also that where appropriate, the therapeutic ingredients may beused in optically pure form.

One suitable combination of the present invention comprises of compoundof the invention together with a β₂-adrenoreceptor agonist.

Examples of β₂-adrenoreceptor agonists include salmeterol (which may bea racemate or a single enantiomer, such as the R-enantiomer),salbutamol, formoterol, salmefamol, fenoterol or terbutaline and saltsthereof, for example the xinafoate salt of salmeterol, the sulphate saltor free base of salbutamol or the fumarate salt of formoterol.Long-acting β₂-adrenoreceptor agonists are preferred, especially thosehaving a therapeutic effect over a 24 hour period, such as salmeterol orformoterol.

Suitable long acting β₂-adrenoreceptor agonists include those describedin WO02/66422A, WO02/270490, WO02/076933, WO03/024439, WO03/072539, WO03/091204, WO04/016578, WO04/022547, WO04/037807, WO04/037773,WO04/037768, WO04/039762, WO04/039766, WO01/42193 and WO03/042160, whosedisclosures are incorporated by reference herein.

Preferred long-acting β₂-adrenoreceptor agonists are:

-   3-(4-{[6-({(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]ethyl}amino)hexyl]oxy}butyl)benzenesulfonamide;-   3-(3-{[7-({(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-[4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl)phenyl]ethyl}-amino)heptyl]oxy}propyl)benzenesulfonamide;-   4-{(1R)-2-[(6-{2-[(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]ethoxy}hexyl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl}-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol;-   4-{(1R)-2-[(6-{4-[3-(cyclopentylsulfonyl)phenyl]butoxy}hexyl)amino]-1-hydroxyethyl}-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol;-   N-[2-hydroxyl-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[2-4-[[(2R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl]amino]phenyl]ethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]foramide,    and-   N-2-{2-[4-(3-phenyl-4-methoxyphenyl)aminophenyl]ethyl}-2-hydroxy-2-(8-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolinon-5-yl)ethylamine.

Suitable anti-inflammatory agents include corticosteroids. Suitablecorticosteroids which may be used in combination with the compounds ofthe invention are those oral and inhaled corticosteroids and theirpro-drugs which have anti-inflammatory activity. Examples include methylprednisolone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, fluticasone propionate,6α,9α-difluoro-17α-[(2-furanylcarbonyl)oxy]-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioicacid S-fluoromethyl ester,6α,9α-difluoro-17β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxo-17α-propionyloxy-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioicacid S-(2-oxo-tetrahydro-furan-3S-yl) ester,6α,9α-difluoro-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-17α-(1-methylcylopropylcarbonyl)oxy-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioicacid S-fluoromethyl ester, 6α,9α-difluoro-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxo-17α-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carboxylicacid cyanomethyl ester, beclomethasone esters (such as the 17-propionateester or the 17,21-dipropionate ester), budesonide, flunisolide,mometasone esters (such as the furoate ester), triamcinolone acetonide,rofleponide, ciclesonide,(16≢,17-[[(R)-cyclohexylmethylene]bis(oxy)]-11β,21-dihydroxy-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione),butixocort propionate, RPR-106541, and ST-126. Preferred corticosteroidsinclude fluticasone propionate,6α,9α-difluoro-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-17α-[(4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carbonyl)oxy]-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioicacid S-fluoromethyl ester and6α,9α-difluoro-17α-[(2-furanylcarbonyl)oxy]-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioicacid S-fluoromethyl ester, more preferably6α,9α-difluoro-17α-[(2-furanylcarbonyl)oxy]-11β-hydroxy-16α-methyl-3-oxo-androsta-1,4-diene-17β-carbothioicacid S-fluoromethyl ester.

Non-steroidal compounds having glucocorticoid agonism that may possessselectivity for transrepression over transactivation and that may beuseful in combination therapy include those covered in the followingpatents: WO03/082827, WO1/10143, WO98/54159, WO04/005229, WO04/009016,WO04/009017, WO04/018429, WO03/104195, WO03/082787, WO03/082280,WO03/059899, WO03/101932, WO02/02565, WO01/16128, WO00/66590,WO03/086294, WO04/026248, WO03/061651, WO03/08277.

Suitable anti-inflammatory agents include non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's).

Suitable NSAID's include sodium cromoglycate, nedocromil sodium,phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (for example, theophylline, PDE4inhibitors or mixed PDE3/PDE4 inhibitors), leukotriene antagonists,inhibitors of leukotriene synthesis (for example, montelukast), iNOSinhibitors, tryptase and elastase inhibitors, beta-2 integrinantagonists and adenosine receptor agonists or antagonists (for example,adenosine 2a agonists), cytokine antagonists (for example, chemokineantagonists, such as a CCR3 antagonist) or inhibitors of cytokinesynthesis, or 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors. Suitable otherβ₂-adrenoreceptor agonists include salmeterol (for example, as thexinafoate), salbutamol (for example, as the sulphate or the free base),formoterol (for example, as the famarate), fenoterol or terbutaline andsalts thereof. An iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) ispreferably for oral administration. Suitable iNOS inhibitors includethose disclosed in WO93/13055, WO98/30537, WO02/50021, WO95/34534 andWO99/62875. Suitable CCR3 inhibitors include those disclosed inWO02/26722.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of the compound of aFormula (1) or (Ia) in combination with a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4)inhibitor or a mixed PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor. The PDE4-specific inhibitoruseful in this aspect of the invention may be any compound that is knownto inhibit the PDE4 enzyme or which is discovered to act as a PDE4inhibitor, and which are only PDE4 inhibitors, not compounds whichinhibit other members of the PDE family as well as PDE4. Generally it ispreferred to use a PDE4 inhibitor which has an IC₅₀ ratio of about 0.1or greater as regards the IC₅₀ for the PDE4 catalytic form which bindsrolipram with a high affinity divided by the IC₅₀ for the form whichbinds rolipram with a low affinity. For the purposes of this disclosure,the cAMP catalytic site which binds R and S rolipram with a low affinityis denominated the “low affinity” binding site (LPDE 4) and the otherform of this catalytic site which binds rolipram with a high affinity isdenominated the “high affinity” binding site (HPDE 4). This term “HPDE4”should not be confused with the term “hPDE4” which is used to denotehuman PDE4.

A method for determining IC₅₀s ratios is set out in U.S. Pat. No.5,998,428 which is incorporated herein in full by reference as thoughset out herein. See also PCT application WO 00/51599 for anotherdescription of said assay. In one embodiment, PDE4 inhibitors of use inthis invention will be those compounds which have a salutary therapeuticratio, i.e., compounds which preferentially inhibit cAMP catalyticactivity where the enzyme is in the form that binds rolipram with a lowaffinity, thereby reducing the side effects which apparently are linkedto inhibiting the form which binds rolipram with a high affinity.Another way to state this is that the compounds will have an IC₅₀ ratioof about 0.1 or greater as regards the IC₅₀ for the PDE4 catalytic formwhich binds rolipram with a high affinity divided by the IC₅₀ for theform which binds rolipram with a low affinity.

A further refinement of this standard is that of one wherein the PDE4inhibitor has an IC₅₀ ratio of about 0.1 or greater; said ratio is theratio of the IC₅₀ value for competing with the binding of 1 nM of[³H]R-rolipram to a form of PDE4 which binds rolipram with a highaffinity over the IC₅₀ value for inhibiting the PDE4 catalytic activityof a form which binds rolipram with a low affinity using 1 μM[³H]-cAMPas the substrate.

Suitable PDE compounds are cis4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-carboxylicacid,2-carbomethoxy-4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-oneandcis-[4-cyano-4-(3-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-difluoromethoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-ol];these are examples of compounds which bind preferentially to the lowaffinity binding site and which have an ICSO ratio of 0.1 or greater.

Other compounds of interest include: Compounds set out in U.S. Pat. No.5,552,438 issued 03 Sep. 1996; this patent and the compounds itdiscloses are incorporated herein in full by reference. The compound ofparticular interest, which is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,552,438, iscis-4-cyano-4-[3-(cyclopentyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl]cyclohexane-1-carboxylicacid (also known as cilomalast) and its salts, esters, pro-drugs orphysical forms; AWD-12-281 from elbion (Hofgen, N. et al. 15th EFMC Int.Symp. Med. Chem. (September 6-10, Edinburgh) 1998, Abst. P.98; CASreference No. 247584020-9); a 9-benzyladenine derivative nominatedNCS-613 (INSERM); D-4418 from Chiroscience and Schering-Plough; abenzodiazepine PDE4 inhibitor identified as CI-1018 (PD-168787) andattributed to Pfizer; a benzodioxole derivative disclosed by Kyowa Hakkoin WO99/16766; K-34 from Kyowa Hakko; V-11294A from Napp (Landells, L.J. et al. Eur Resp J [Annu Cong Eur Resp Soc (September 19-23, Geneva)1998] 1998, 12 (Suppl. 28): Abst P2393); roflumilast (CAS reference No162401-32-3) and a pthalazinone (WO99/47505, the disclosure of which ishereby incorporated by reference) from Byk-Gulden; Pumafentrine,(−)-p-[(4αR*,10bS*)-9-ethoxy-1,2,3,4,4a,10b-hexahydro-8-methoxy-2-methylbenzo[c][1,6]naphthyridin-6-yl]-N,N-diisopropylbenzamidewhich is a mixed PDE3/PDE4 inhibitor which has been prepared andpublished on by Byk-Gulden, now Altana; arofylline under development byAlmirall-Prodesfarma; VM554/UM565 from Vernalis; or T-440 (TanabeSeiyaku; Fuji, K. et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther,1998, 284(1): 162), andT2585. Other possible PDE-4 and mixed PDE3/PDE4 inhibitors include thoselisted in WO01/13953, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated byreference.

Suitable anticholinergic agents are those compounds that act asantagonists at the muscarinic receptor, in particular those compoundswhich are antagonists of the M₁ and M₂ receptors. Exemplary compoundsinclude the alkaloids of the belladonna plants as illustrated by thelikes of atropine, scopolamine, homatropine, hyoscyamine; thesecompounds are normally administered as a salt, being tertiary amines.These drugs, particularly the salt forms, are readily available from anumber of commercial sources or can be made or prepared from literaturedata via, to with:

Atropine—CAS-51-55-8 or CAS-51-48-1 (anhydrous form), atropinesulfate—CAS-5908-99-6; atropine oxide—CAS-4438-22-6 or its HClsalt—CAS-4574-60-1 and methylatropine nitrate—CAS-52-88-0;Homatropine—CAS-87-00-3, hydrobromide salt—CAS-51-56-9, methylbromidesalt—CAS-80-49-9;Hyoscyamine (d, l)—CAS-101-31-5, hydrobromidesalt—CAS-306-03-6 and sulfate salt—CAS-6835-16-1; andScopolamine—CAS-51-34-3, hydrobromide salt—CAS-6533-68-2, methylbromidesalt—CAS-155-41-9.

Suitable anticholinergics for use herein include, but are not limitedto, ipratropium (e.g. as the bromide), sold under the name Atrovent,oxitropium (e.g. as the bromide) and tiotropium (e.g. as the bromide)(CAS-l 39404-48-1). Also of interest are: methantheline (CAS-53-46-3),propantheline bromide (CAS-50-34-9), anisotropine methyl bromide orValpin 50 (CAS-80-50-2), clidinium bromide (Quarzan, CAS-3485-62-9),copyrrolate (Robinul), isopropamide iodide (CAS-71-81-8), mepenzolatebromide (U.S. Pat. No. 2,918,408), tridihexethyl chloride (Pathilone,CAS-4310-35-4), and hexocyclium methylsulfate (Tral, CAS-1 15-63-9). Seealso cyclopentolate hydrochloride (CAS-5870-29-1), tropicamide(CAS-1508-75-4), trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (CAS-144-11-6),pirenzepine (CAS-29868-97-1), telenzepine (CAS-80880-90-9), AF-DX 116,or methoctramine, and the compounds disclosed in WO 01/04118, thedisclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Other suitable anticholinergic agents include compounds of formula(XXI), which are disclosed in U.S. patent application 60/487981:

in which the preferred orientation of the alkyl chain attached to thetropane ring is endo;

-   R³¹ and R³² are, independently, selected from the group consisting    of straight or branched chain lower alkyl groups having preferably    from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl groups having from 5 to 6    carbon atoms, cycloalkyl-alkyl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms,    2-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted with an alkyl group    having not in excess of 4 carbon atoms and phenyl substituted with    an alkoxy group having not in excess of 4 carbon atoms;-   X⁻ represents an anion associated with the positive charge of the N    atom.

X⁻ may be but is not limited to chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate,benzene sulfonate, and toluene sulfonate, including, for example:

-   (3-endo)-3-(2,2-di-2-thienylethenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane    bromide;-   (3-endo)-3-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane    bromide;-   (3-endo)-3-(2,2-diphenylethenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane    4-methylbenzenesulfonate;-   (3-endo)-8,8-dimethyl-3-[2-phenyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethenyl]-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane    bromide; and/or-   (3-endo)-8,8-dimethyl-3-[2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridinyl)ethenyl]-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]octane    bromide.

Further suitable anticholinergic agents include compounds of formula(XXII) or (XXIII), which are disclosed in U.S. patent application60/511009:

wherein:

-   the H atom indicated is in the exo position;-   R⁴¹ represents an anion associated with the positive charge of the N    atom. R⁴¹ may be, but is not limited to, chloride, bromide, iodide,    sulfate, benzene sulfonate and toluene sulfonate;-   R⁴² and R⁴³ are independently selected from the group consisting of    straight or branched chain lower alkyl groups (having preferably    from 1 to 6 carbon atoms), cycloalkyl groups (having from 5 to 6    carbon atoms), cycloalkyl-alkyl (having 6 to 10 carbon atoms),    heterocycloalkyl (having 5 to 6 carbon atoms) and N or O as the    heteroatom, heterocycloalkyl-alkyl (having 6 to 10 carbon atoms) and    N or O as the heteroatom, aryl, optionally substituted aryl,    heteroaryl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl;-   R⁴⁴ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)alkyl,    (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl,    (C₁-C₆)alkyl(C₃-Cl₂)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl,    aryl, heteroaryl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl-aryl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl-heteroaryl, —OR⁴⁵,    —CH₂OR⁴⁵, —CH₂OH, —CN, —CF₃, —CH₂O(CO)R⁴⁶, —CO₂R⁴⁷, —CH₂NH₂,    —CH₂N(R⁴⁷)SO₂R⁴⁵, —SO₂N(R⁴⁷)(R⁴⁸), —CON(R⁴⁷)(R⁴⁸),    —CH₂N(R⁴⁸)CO(R⁴⁶), —CH₂N(R⁴⁸)SO₂(R⁴⁶), —CH₂N(R⁴⁸)CO₂(R⁴⁵),    —CH₂N(R⁴⁸)CONH(R⁴⁷);-   R⁴⁵ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)alkyl,    (C₁-C₆)alkyl(C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl,    (C₁-C₆)alkyl-aryl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl-heteroaryl;-   R⁴⁶ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)alkyl,    (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl,    (C₁-C₆)alkyl(C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl,    aryl, heteroaryl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl-aryl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl-heteroaryl;-   R⁴⁷ and R⁴⁸ are, independently, selected from the group consisting    of H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl,    (C₁-C₆)alkyl(C₃-C₁₂)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl(C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl,    (C₁-C₆)alkyl-aryl, and (C₁-C₆)alkyl-heteroaryl.

Representative examples included are:

-   (Endo)-3-(2-methoxy-2,2-di-thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    iodide;-   3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propionitrile;-   (Endo)-8-methyl-3-(2,2,2-triphenyl-ethyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane;-   3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propionamide;-   3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propionic    acid;-   (Endo)-3-(2-cyano-2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    iodide;-   (Endo)-3-(2-cyano-2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    bromide;-   3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propan-1-ol;-   N-Benzyl-3-((endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propionamide;-   (Endo)-3-(2-carbamoyl-2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    iodide;-   1-Benzyl-3-[3-((endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1    ]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propyl]urea;-   1-Ethyl-3-[3-((endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propyl]-urea;-   N-[3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propyl]-acetamide;-   N-[3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propyl]-benzamide;-   3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-di-thiophen-2-yl-propionitrile;-   (Endo)-3-(2-cyano-2,2-di-thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    iodide;-   N-[3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propyl]-benzenesulfonamide;-   [3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propyl]-urea;-   N-[3-((Endo)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl)-2,2-diphenyl-propyl]-methanesulfonamide;    and/or-   (Endo)-3-{2,2-diphenyl-3-[(1-phenyl-methanoyl)-amino]-propyl}-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    bromide.

Preferred compounds useful in the present invention include:

-   (Endo)-3-(2-methoxy-2,2-di-thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    iodide;-   (Endo)-3-(2-cyano-2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    iodide;-   (Endo)-3-(2-cyano-2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    bromide;-   (Endo)-3-(2-carbamoyl-2,2-diphenyl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    iodide;-   (Endo)-3-(2-cyano-2,2-di-thiophen-2-yl-ethyl)-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    iodide; and/or-   (Endo)-3-{2,2-diphenyl-3-[(1-phenyl-methanoyl)-amino]-propyl}-8,8-dimethyl-8-azonia-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane    bromide.

Suitable antihistamines (also referred to as H₁-receptor antagonists)include any one or more of the numerous antagonists known which inhibitH₁-receptors, and are safe for human use. All are reversible,competitive inhibitors of the interaction of histamine withH₁-receptors. The majority of these inhibitors, mostly first generationantagonists, have a core structure, which can be represented by thefollowing formula:

This generalized structure represents three types of antihistaminesgenerally available: ethanolamines, ethylenediamines, and alkylamines.In addition, other first generation antihistamines include those whichcan be characterized as based on piperizine and phenothiazines. Secondgeneration antagonists, which are non-sedating, have a similarstructure-activity relationship in that they retain the core ethylenegroup (the alkylamines) or mimic the tertiary amine group withpiperizine or piperidine. Exemplary antagonists are as follows:

-   Ethanolamines: carbinoxamine maleate, clemastine fumarate,    diphenylhydramine hydrochloride, and dimenhydrinate.-   Ethylenediamines: pyrilamine maleate, tripelennamine HCl, and    tripelennamine citrate.-   Alkylamines: chloropheniramine and its salts such as the maleate    salt, and acrivastine.-   Piperazines: hydroxyzine HCl, hydroxyzine pamoate, cyclizine HCl,    cyclizine lactate, meclizine HCl, and cetirizine HCl.-   Piperidines: Astemizole, levocabastine HCl, loratadine or its    descarboethoxy analogue, and terfenadine and fexofenadine    hydrochloride or another pharmaceutically acceptable salt.

Azelastine hydrochloride is yet another H₁ receptor antagonist which maybe used in combination with a PDE4 inhibitor.

The combinations referred to above may conveniently be presented for usein the form of a pharmaceutical formulation and thus pharmaceuticalformulations comprising a combination as defined above together with aphysiologically acceptable diluent or carrier represent a further aspectof the invention.

The individual compounds of such combinations may be administered eithersequentially or simultaneously in separate or combined pharmaceuticalformulations. Appropriate doses of known therapeutic agents will bereadily appreciated by those skilled in the art.

The invention will now be described by reference to the followingbiological examples which are merely illustrative and are not to beconstrued as a limitation of the scope of the present invention.

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES

The cytokine-inhibiting effects of compounds of the present inventionmay be determined by the following in vitro assays:

Assays for Interleukin-1 (IL-1beta), Interleukin-8 (IL-8 ), and TumourNecrosis Factor (TNFalpha) are well known in the art, and may be foundin a number of publications, and patents. Representative suitable assaysfor use herein are described in Adams et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,992,whose disclosure is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

It is recognized that the respective assays herein may have been runmultiple times for particular compounds of Formula (I) or (Ia), etc. asdescribed herein. The determination of activity, as reported in theseassays, will be based upon a mean or median of these values.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1)

Human peripheral blood monocytes are isolated and purified from eitherfresh blood preparations from volunteer donors, or from blood bank buffycoats, according to the procedure of Colotta et al, J Immunol, 132, 936(1984), or another suitable procedure such as positive selectionselection using MACS CD14+ beads. These monocytes (1×10⁶) are plated in24, 48, 96 or 384-well plates at a concentration of 1-2 million/ml perwell. The cells are allowed to adhere for 2 hours, after which timenon-adherent cells can be removed by gentle washing. Test compounds arethen added to the cells for 1 h before the addition oflipopolysaccharide (50-200 ng/ml), and the cultures are incubated at 37°C. for an additional 24 h. At the end of this period, culturesupernatants are removed and clarified of cells and all debris. IL-1betalevels in the cell-free supernatant are then determined by enzyme-linkedimmunoassay (ELISA) or other antibody based procedure.

In Vivo TNF Assay:

(1) Griswold et al., Drugs Under Exp. and Clinical Res., XIX (6),243-248 (1993); or

(2) Boehm, et al., Journal Of Medicinal Chemistry 39, 3929-3937 (1996)whose disclosures are incorporated by reference herein in theirentirety.

LPS-Induced TNFα Production in Mice and Rats

In order to evaluate in vivo inhibition of LPS-induced TNFα productionin rodents, both mice or rats are injected with LPS.

Mouse Method

Male Balb/c mice from Charles River Laboratories are pretreated (30minutes) with compound or vehicle. After the 30 min. pretreat time, themice are given LPS (lipopolysaccharide from Esherichia coli Serotype055-B5, Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, Mo.) 25 ug/mouse in 25 ulphosphate buffered saline (pH 7.0) intraperitoneally. Two hours laterthe mice are killed by CO₂ inhalation and blood samples are collected byexsanguination into heparinized blood collection tubes and stored onice. The blood samples are centrifuged and the plasma collected andstored at −20° C. until assayed for TNFα by ELISA.

Rat Method

Male Lewis rats from Charles River Laboratories are pretreated atvarious times with compound or vehicle. After a determined pretreattime, the rats are given LPS (lipopolysaccharide from Esherichia coliSerotype 055-B5, Sigma Chemical Co., St Louis, Mo.) 3.0 mg/kgintraperitoneally. The rats are killed by CO₂ inhalation and heparinizedwhole blood is collected from each rat by cardiac puncture 90 minutesafter the LPS injection. The blood samples are centrifuged and theplasma collected for analysis by ELISA for TNFα levels.

ELISA Method

TNFα levels were measured using a sandwich ELISA, Olivera et al., Circ.Shock, 37, 301-306, (1992), whose disclosure is incorporated byreference in its entirety herein, using a hamster monoclonal antimurineTNFα (Genzyme, Boston, Mass.) as the capture antibody and a polyclonalrabbit antimurine TNFα (Genzyme) as the second antibody. For detection,a peroxidase-conjugated goat antirabbit antibody (Pierce, Rockford,Ill.) was added, followed by a substrate for peroxidase (1 mg/mlorthophenylenediamine with 1% urea peroxide). TNFα levels in the plasmasamples from each animal were calculated from a standard curve generatedwith recombinant murine TNFα (Genzyme).

LPS-Stimulated Cytokine Production in Human Whole Blood

-   Assay: Test compound concentrations were prepared at 10×    concentrations and LPS prepared at 1 ug/ml (final conc. of 50 ng/ml    LPS) and added in 50 uL volumes to 1.5 mL eppendorf tubes.    Heparinized human whole blood was obtained from healthy volunteers    and was dispensed into eppendorf tubes or multiwell plates    containing compounds and LPS in 0.2-0.4 mL volumes and the tubes    incubated at 37 C. In some studies, compound was incubated with    blood for up to 30 min prior to addition of LPS. Following a 4 hour    incubation, the tubes or plates were centrifuged to remove cells and    plasma was withdrawn and frozen at −80 C.-   Cytokine measurement: IL-1beta and/or TNFalpha were quantified using    a standardized ELISA, or similar technology. Concentrations of    IL-1beta or TNFalpha were determined from standard curves of the    appropriate cytokine and IC50 values for test compound    (concentration that inhibited 50% of LPS-stimulated cytokine    production) were calculated by linear regression analysis.

Results

-   Compounds would be considered active in this assay if they    demonstrated an IC50 of less than 10 uM up to about an IC50 of less    than 0.0001 uM.-   Representative compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) as described in    Examples 3, 4, 21(c), 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31(e), 32, 35, 37(b),    38, 40, 44, 46, 47, 54, 56(d), 57-66, 68-78, 79(c), 82, 87, 99,    101-105, 107, 109, 118(b), 122-125, 128, and 129 were tested in the    above assay and found active.-   Compounds of Examples 93, 97(b), and 100 demonstrated an IC50 of    greater than 1.0 uM in this assay. While these compounds were found    to be inhibit greater than 50% at a 1 uM of TNF-alpha, some of these    would be expected upon retesting with increasing concentrations to    reach 50% inhibition.

CSBP/p38 Kinase Assay:

This assay measures the CSBP/p38-catalyzed transfer of ³²P from[a-³²P]ATP to threonine residue in an epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)-derived peptide (T669) with the following sequence:KRELVEPL7PSGEAPNQALLR (residues 661-681). (See Gallagher et al.,“Regulation of Stress Induced Cytokine Production by PyridinylImidazoles: Inhibition of CSBP Kinase”, BioOrganic & MedicinalChemistry, 1997, 5, 49-64).

Reactions were carried in round bottom 96 well plate (from Corning) in a30 ml volume. Reactions contained (in final concentration): 25 mM Hepes,pH 7.5; 8 MM MgCl₂; 0.17 mM ATP (the Km[ATP] of p38 (see Lee et al.,Nature 300, n72 pg. 639-746 (December 1994)); 2.5 uCi of [g-32P]ATP; 0.2mM sodium orthovanadate; 1 mM DTT; 0.1% BSA; 10% glycerol; 0.67 mM T669peptide; and 2-4 nM of yeast-expressed, activated and purified p38.Reactions were initiated by the addition of [gamma-32P]Mg/ATP, andincubated for 25 min. at 37° C. Inhibitors (dissolved in DMSO) wereincubated with the reaction mixture on ice for 30 minutes prior toadding the 32P-ATP. Final DMSO concentration was 0.16%. Reactions wereterminated by adding 10 ul of 0.3 M phosphoric acid, and phosphorylatedpeptide was isolated from the reactions by capturing it on p81phosphocellulose filters. Filters were washed with 75 mM phosphoricacids, and incorporated 32P was quantified using beta scintillationcounter. Under these conditions, the specific activity of p38 was400-450 pmol/pmol enzyme, and the activity was linear for up to 2 hoursof incubation. The kinase activity values were obtained aftersubtracting values generated in the absence of substrate which were10-15% of total values.

Fluorescence Anisotropy Kinase Binding Assay—Standard Volume

The kinase enzyme, fluorescent ligand and a variable concentration oftest compound are incubated together to reach thermodynamic equilibriumunder conditions such that in the absence of test compound thefluorescent ligand is significantly (>50%) enzyme bound and in thepresence of a sufficient concentration (>10× K_(i)) of a potentinhibitor the anisotropy of the unbound fluorescent ligand is measurablydifferent from the bound value.

The concentration of kinase enzyme should preferably be ≧2×K_(f). Theconcentration of fluorescent ligand required will depend on theinstrumentation used, and the fluorescent and physicochemicalproperties. The concentration used must be lower than the concentrationof kinase enzyme, and preferably less than half the kinase enzymeconcentration.

The fluorescent ligand is the following compound:

-   -   which is derived from        5-[2-(4-aminomethylphenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-2-chlorophenol        and rhodamine green.

-   Recombinant human p38a was expressed as a GST-tagged protein. To    activate this protein, 3.5 μM unactivated p38α was incubated in 50    mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 0.1 mM EGTA, 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.1 mM    sodium vanadate, 10 mM MgAc, 0.1 mM ATP with 200 nM MBP-MKK6 DD at    30 degrees for 30 mins. Following activation p38α was re-purified    and the activity assessed using a standard filter-binding assay.

-   Protocol: All components are dissolved in buffer of composition 62.5    mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 1.25 mM CHAPS, 1 mM DTT, 12.5 mM MgCl₂ with final    concentrations of 12 nM p38α and 5nM fluorescent ligand. 30 μl of    this reaction mixture is added to wells containing 1 μl of various    concentrations of test compound (0.28 nM-16.6 μM final) or DMSO    vehicle (3% final) in NUNC 384 well black microtitre plate and    equilibrated for 30-60 mins at room temperature. Fluorescence    anisotropy is read in Molecular Devices Acquest (excitation    485nm/emission 535nm).

-   Definitions: Ki=dissociation constant for inhibitor binding    -   Kf=dissociation constant for fluorescent ligand binding

Fluorescence Anisotropy Kinase Binding Low Volume Assay

The kinase enzyme, fluorescent ligand and a variable concentration oftest compound are incubated together to reach thermodynamic equilibriumunder conditions such that in the absence of test compound thefluorescent ligand is significantly (>50%) enzyme bound and in thepresence of a sufficient concentration (>10×Ki) of a potent inhibitorthe anisotropy of the unbound fluorescent ligand is measurably differentfrom the bound value.

-   The concentration of kinase enzyme should preferably be 2×Kf. The    concentration of fluorescent ligand required will depend on the    instrumentation used, and the fluorescent and physicochemical    properties. The concentration used must be lower than the    concentration of kinase enzyme, and preferably less than half the    kinase enzyme concentration.-   The fluorescent ligand is the following compound:

which is derived from5-[2-(4-aminomethylphenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-imidazol-4-yl]-2-chlorophenoland rhodamine green.

Recombinant human p38α was expressed as a GST-tagged protein. Toactivate this protein, 3.5 μM unactivated p38α was incubated in 50 mMTris-HCl pH 7.5, 0.1 mM EGTA, 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.1 mM sodiumvanadate, 10 mM MgAc, 0.1 mM ATP with 200 nM MBP-MKK6 DD at 30 degreesfor 30 mins. Following activation p38α was re-purified and the activityassessed using a standard filter-binding assay.

-   Protocol: All components are dissolved in buffer of composition 62.5    mM HEPES, pH 7.5, 1.25 mM CHAPS, 1 mM DTT, 12.5 mM MgCl₂ with final    concentrations of 12 nM p38α and 5 nM fluorescent ligand. 30 μl of    this reaction mixture is added to wells containing 0.1 μl of various    concentrations of test compound (0.02 nM-25 μM final) or DMSO    vehicle (1.7% final) in Greiner low volume 384 well black microtitre    plate and equilibrated for 30-60 mins at room temperature.    Fluorescence anisotropy is read in Molecular Devices Acquest    (excitation 485 nm/emission 535 nm).-   Definitions: Ki=dissociation constant for inhibitor binding    -   Kf=dissociation constant for fluorescent ligand binding-   It is noted that there are two assay formats shown above for the    Fluorescence anisotropy kinase binding assay. The only difference    between these two assays is the volume used and the plate type. It    has been demonstrated that there is no difference in potency between    the two formats, and that the assays are considered to be    equivalent. The results described herein may have been performed in    either assay format and are not differentiated as to which.

Results

-   Compounds are considered active in this assay if they demonstrate a    pIC50 of greater than 4.6 up to about a pIC50 of 9.0.-   Representative compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) as described in    Examples 1(d), 2(b), 3 to 6, 7(c),7(d), 8, 11, 12c, 13, 17, 18e,    19(a), 19(c), 20, 21(a), 21(c), 22 to 20, 31(e), 32, 34, 35, 36,    37a, 37b, 38 to 55, 56(d), 57 to 61 to 78, 79(c), 80(a), 80(b), 81    to 95, 97(b), 98 to 112, 113(b), 114(b), 115, 116b, 116(c), 117,    118a, 118b, 119 to 121, and 202c were tested in the above assay and    demonstrated pIC₅₀ values of between 5.1 and 8.4.-   The compounds of Example 1(a), Example 9, Example 96(d) and Example    114b did not demonstrate an IC50 at a concentration of less than    16uM resulting in a pIC50 of less than 4.8 in this assay.

TR-FRET Assay Time-Resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy TransferKinase Standard Assay

-   Recombinant human p38α was expressed as a His-tagged protein. To    activate this protein, 3 μM unactivated p38α was incubated in 200 mM    Hepes pH 7.4, 625 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT with 27 nM active MKK6    (Upstate), 1 mM ATP and 10 mM MgCl₂ The activity of the    MKK6-activated p38α was assessed using a time-resolved fluorescence    resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay.-   Biotinylated-GST-ATF2 (residues 19-96, 400 nM final), ATP (125M    final) and MgCl2 (5 mM final) in assay buffer (40 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 1    mM DTT) were added to wells containing 1 ul of various    concentrations of compound or DMSO vehicle (3% final) in NUNC 384    well black plate. The reaction was initiated by the addition of    MKK6-activated p38 (100 pM final) to give a total volume of 30 ul.    The reaction was incubated for 120 minutes at room temperature, then    terminated by the addition of 15 μl of 100 mM EDTA pH 7.4. Detection    reagent (15 μl) in buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1%    w/v BSA, 1 mM DTT) containing antiphosphothreonine-ATF2-71    polyclonal antibody (Cell Signalling Technology, Beverly Mass., USA)    labelled with W-1024 europium chelate (Wallac OY, Turku, Finland),    and APC-labelled streptavidin (Prozyme, San Leandro, Calif., USA)    was added and the reaction was further incubated for 60 minutes at    room temperature. The degree of phosphorylation of GST-ATF2 was    measured using a Packard Discovery plate reader (Perkin-Elmer Life    Sciences, Pangbourne, UK) as a ratio of specific 665 nm energy    transfer signal to reference europium 620 nm signal.-   Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer kinase low    volume assay Recombinant human p38α was expressed as a His-tagged    protein. To activate this protein, 3 μM unactivated p38α was    incubated in 200 mM Hepes pH7.4, 625 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT with 27 nM    active MKK6 (Upstate), 1 mM ATP and 10 mM MgCl₂ The activity of the    MKK6-activated p38α was assessed using a time-resolved fluorescence    resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay.-   Biotinylated-GST-ATF2 (residues 19-96, 400 nM final), ATP (125 μM    final) and MgCl₂ (5 nM final) in assay buffer (40 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 1    mM DTT) were added to wells containing 0.1 μl of various    concentrations of compound or DMSO vehicle (1.7% final) in Greiner    low volume 384 well black plate. The reaction was initiated by the    addition of MKK6-activated p38α (100 pM final) to give a total    volume of 6 μl. The reaction was incubated for 120 minutes at room    temperature, then terminated by the addition of 3 μl of detection    reagent in buffer (100 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% w/v BSA, 1    mM DTT, 100 mM EDTA) containing antiphosphothreonine-ATF2-71    polyclonal antibody (Cell Signalling Technology, Beverly Mass., USA)    labelled with W-1024 europium chelate (Wallac OY, Turku, Finland),    and APC-labelled streptavidin (Prozyme, San Leandro, Calif., USA).    The reaction was further incubated for 60 minutes at room    temperature. The degree of phosphorylation of GST-ATF2 was measured    using a BMG Rubystar plate reader (BMG, UK) as a ratio of specific    665 nm energy transfer signal to reference europium 620 nm signal.-   It is noted that there are two assay formats shown above for the    Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer kinase assay.    The only difference between these two assays is the volume used and    the plate type. It has been demonstrated that there is no difference    in potency between the two formats, and that the assays are    considered to be equivalent. The results described herein may have    been performed in either assay format and are not differentiated as    to which.

Results

-   Compounds are considered active in this assay if they demonstrate a    pIC50 of greater than 4.6 up to about a pIC50 of greater than 10.0.-   Representative compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) were tested in this    assay, and as described in Examples 9, 10, 15, 18(e), 31(e), 34, 36,    56(d), 57, 60 to 62, 66, 74, 78, 79(c), 98 to 107, 109, 112, 113(b),    114(b), 117, 118(a), 118(b), 119 to 149, 150(d), 151 to 156, 158 to    160, 162, 163(b), 163(c), 164 to 178, 179(b), 179(c), 180 to 187,    188(b), 189 to 192, 193(a), 193(b), 194 to 201 are active in this    assay.-   Example 97(b), and Example 115 upon multiple runs provided a broad    range of data, ranging from 7.4 to less than 4.6 of a pIC50 in this    assay. Example 188(a) did not demonstrate an IC50 at a concentration    of less than 16uM resulting in a pIC50 of less than 4.8 in this    assay.-   For purposes herein the HTRF assay and the Fluorescence anisotropy    kinase binding assay:

pIC₅₀ IC₅₀ (nM) IC₅₀ (uM) 4.00 100,000.0 100 5.00 100,000.0 10 6.001,000.0 1 7.00 100.0 0.1 8.00 10.0 0.01 9.00 1.0 0.001 10.00 0.1 0.0001TNF-Stimulated IL-8 Production from Human Neutrophils

-   The effect of test compounds on TNF-stimulated IL8 production by    human neutrophils is measured as follows. Neutrophils are prepared    from blood obtained from consenting donors, using standard methods.    Blood is collected in heparinized syringes and layered over    histopaque (30 ml/20 ml). Following centrifugation, the red cell    pellet is resuspended in PBS and purified over a dextran gradient.    Red blood cells are lysed with water for 40 sec, remaining    granulocytes collected by centrifugation and resuspended at 1.5×10̂6    cells/ml. Cells are added (0.5-1 ml) to 48 well plates already    containing compound at 1000× final concentration in neat DMSO or 10%    DMSO in RPM11640 with 10% FBS. TNF (final concentration 100 ng/ml)    is used as the stimulus. Cells incubated for approximately 20 hrs at    37° C., 5% CO2. Levels of IL-8 in the cell free supernatant are    determined by sandwich ELISA, and inhibition relative to a control    with DMPO but no compound is calculated.

Results

-   Compounds would be considered active in this assay if they    demonstrated an IC50 of less than 10 uM up to about an IC50 of less    than 0.0001 uM, and were screened at concentrations up to 100 nM.-   Representative compounds of Formula (I) and (Ia) as described in    Examples 2(b), 3, 5, 6, 8, 13, 18(e), 21(c), 22-26, 28-30, 31(e),    32-36, 37(a) and (b), 38-47, 54, 56(d), 57-66, 68-78, 79(c), 80(b),    81-85, 87, 95, 99-105, 107, 109, 112, 113(b), 114(b), 115, 117,    118(b), 119, 122-129, 132-145, 147-149, 150(d), 151, 158-160, 162,    163(c), 164-170, 172-178, 179(c), 180-187, 193(b), and 194-201 were    tested in the above assay and found active.-   Compounds of Examples 1(a), 7(c) and (d), 9-11, 12(c), 14(c), 15-17,    51-53, 80(a), 110, 111, 116(b), 118(a), 146, 152-157, 163(b), 171,    170(b), 188(a) and (b), 193(a), 189, and 191-192 demonstrated an    IC50 of greater than 0.1 uM in this assay. Compounds of Examples 130    and 131 demonstrated an IC50 of greater than 0.01 uM in this assay.    Example 190 demonstrated an IC50 of greater than 0.03 uM in this    assay. These later compounds were screened at a different top    concentration than the above grouping. While these compounds were    not found to inhibit the production of IL-8 at greater than 50% at a    100 nM, some of these would be expected upon retesting with    increasing concentrations to reach 50% inhibition.-   Compounds of Examples 202(c) upon multiple runs provided a broad    range of data, ranging from an IC50 of 0.01 uM to an IC50 of greater    than 0.1 uM in this assay. Example 120 upon multiple runs provided a    broad range of data, ranging from an IC50 of greater than 0.001 uM    to greater than 0.1 uM in this assay.

Rat LPS Neutrophilia Model

The effect of compounds on the influx of neutrophils to the lung inLPS-challenged rats is evaluated as follows. The test compound issuspended in one of the following solutions: 0.5% tween 80/PBS, 0.5%tween 80/saline, 10% EtOH/saline (with pH adjusted to 2.0, or 8.0 withHCl, or unadjusted), Saline @ pH 2.0, 6.5 or 8.0, 0.5% Tragacanth, 1%DMSO/20% Encapsin/Saline, or acidified 5% Tragacanth. The suspensionprocess may be aided by the use of a glass homogenizer. Forintratracheal administration, the animals are anesthetized with inhaledisoflurane and placed in a supine position, the trachea is intubatedwith a steel gavage needle (1.5 inch, 22 gauge, small ball) or aPenn-Century Microsprayer Aerosolizer (model IA-IB) and 200 ul of dosingsolution is delivered. The animals are visually monitored during therecovery process, which typically occurs within two minutes. It is notedthat the test compounds may be alternatively administered via themicrosprayer in a dry powder blend with a suitable excipient, such aslactose.

Rats treated with compound or vehicle (15 min-24 hours pretreatment) areexposed to an LPS aerosol (100 ug/ml) for 15 min. Four hours later therats are euthanized with pentobarbital (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and the airwaysare lavaged with 5 washes of 5 ml of phosphate buffered saline. Theharvested cells are stained (Diffquick) and counted to determine totaland differential cell data. In a typical study, macrophages represent40-70% of the total cells, and polymorphonuclear cells 30-60% of thetotal cells. Inhibition of neutrophil levels relative to no compoundcontrols is calculated based on the differential counts.

The assay has varying conditions, such as concentration, pretreat time,form of the compound (crystalline, amorphous, salts, micronised), and awet or dry application of the compound.

The data is obtained as % inhibition using a particular concentrationand pretreat time. While a number of the compounds were found to bestatistically nonsignificant (p>0.05), it is expected that uponretesting with either increasing concentrations, and/or a change inpretreat time that some of them may reach statistical significance(p<0.05).

Representative compounds of the invention have been tested in thisassay.

Compounds of Examples 4, 22, 27, 29, 31(e), 34, 44, 56(d), 57, 58, 59,60, 61, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 77, 78, 79(c), 101, 103, 104, 105, 107, 109,117, 119, 124, 133, 137, 160, 166, 167, and 173 were found to havestatistically significant inhibition of neutrophilia in at least one ofthe range of conditions tested in this assay.

Compounds of Examples 23, 24, 25, 28, 32, 67, 70, 71, 76, 95, 99, 100,102, 112, 113(b), 115, 118(b), 120, 122, 125, 129, 130, 132, 134, 138,147, 162, 163(c), 169, 178, 181, and 185 were found to havestatistically nonsignificant inhibition of neutrophilia in at least oneof the range of conditions tested in this assay.

Compounds of Examples 120, 128, 135, 149, 168, 172, 174, and 175 werefound to be inactive in this assay.

TNF-α in Traumatic Brain Injury Assay

This assay provides for examination of the expression of tumor necrosisfactor mRNA in specific brain regions which follow experimentallyinduced lateral fluid-percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats.Since TNF-α is able to induce nerve growth factor (NGF) and stimulatethe release of other cytokines from activated astrocytes, thispost-traumatic alteration in gene expression of TNF-α plays an importantrole in both the acute and regenerative response to CNS trauma. Asuitable assay may be found in WO 97/35856 whose disclosure isincorporated herein by reference.

CNS Injury Model for IL-b mRNA

This assay characterizes the regional expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) mRNA in specific brain regions following experimental lateralfluid-percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Results fromthese assays indicate that following TBI, the temporal expression ofIL-1β mRNA is regionally stimulated in specific brain regions. Theseregional changes in cytokines, such as IL-1β play a role in thepost-traumatic pathologic or regenerative sequelae of brain injury. Asuitable assay may be found in WO 97/35856 whose disclosure isincorporated herein by reference.

Angiogenesis Assay:

Described in WO 97/32583, whose disclosure is incorporated herein byreference, is an assay for determination of inflammatory angiogenesiswhich may be used to show that cytokine inhibition will stop the tissuedestruction of excessive or inappropriate proliferation of bloodvessels.

Rhinovirus/Influenza Assay:

Cell lines, rhinovirus serotype 39, and influenza virus A/PR/8/34 werepurchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). BEAS-2B cellswere cultured according to instructions provided by ATCC using BEGM(bronchial epithelial growth media) purchased from Clonetics Corp. HELAcell cultures, used for detection and titration of virus, weremaintained in Eagle's minimum essential media containing 10% fetal calfserum, 2 mM 1-glutamine, and 10 mM HEPES buffer (MEM).

A modification of the method reported by Subauste et al., Supra, for invitro infection of human bronchial epithelial cells with rhinovirus wasused in these studies. BEAS-2B cells (2×10⁵/well) were cultured incollagen-coated wells for 24 hours prior to infection with rhinovirus.Rhinovirus serotype 39 was added to cell cultures for one hourincubation at 34° C. after which inoculum was replaced with fresh mediaand cultures were incubated for an additional 72 hours at 34° C.Supernatants collected at 72 hours post-infection were assayed forcytokine protein concentration by ELISA using commercially availablekits (R&D Systems). Virus yield was also determined from culturesupernatants using a microtitration assay in HELA cell cultures(Subauste et al., supra 1995). In cultures treated with p38 kinaseinhibitors, drug was added 30 minutes prior to infection. Stocks ofcompounds were prepared in DMSO (10 mM drug) and stored at −20° C.

For detection of p38 kinase, cultures were incubated in basal mediawithout growth factors and additives to reduce endogenous levels ofactivated p38 kinase. Cells were harvested at various time points afteraddition of rhinovirus. Detection of tyrosine phosphorylated p38 kinaseby immunoblot was analyzed by a commercially available kit and wasperformed according to the manufacturer's instructions (PhosphoPlus p38MAPK Antibody Kit: New England BioLabs Inc.).

In some experiments, BEAS-2B cells were infected with influenza virus(strain A/PR/8/34) in place of rhinovirus. Culture supernatant washarvested 48 and 72 hour post-infection and tested by ELISA for cytokineas described above.

-   Cells and Virus: Influenza A/PR/8/34 sub type H1N1 (VR-95 American    Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md.) was grown in the allantoic    cavity of 10 day old chicken eggs. Following incubation at 37° C.,    and refrigeration for 2½ hours at 4° C., allantoic fluid was    harvested, pooled, and centrifuged (1,000 rcf; 15 min; 4° C.) to    remove cells. Supernatent was aliquoted and stored at −70° C. The    titer of the stock culture of virus was 1.0×1010 Tissue Culture    Infective Dose/ml (TClD₅₀) Inoculation procedure: Four-six week old    female Balb/cAnNcrlBr mice were obtained from Charles River,    Raleigh, N.C. Animals were infected intranasally. Mice were    anesthetized by intraperitioneal injection of Ketamine (40 mg/kg;    Fort Dodge Labs, Fort Dodge, Iowa) and Xylazine (5 mg/kg; Miles,    Shawnee Mission, Kans.) and then inoculated with 100 TClD50 of PR8    diluted in PBS in 20 ul. Animals were observed daily for signs of    infection. All animal studies were approved by SmithKline Beecham    Pharmaceuticals Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.-   Virus titration: At various times post infection, animals were    sacrificed and lungs were aseptically harvested. Tissues were    homogenized, in vials containing 1 micron glass beads (Biospec    Products, Bartlesville, Okla.) and 1 ml. of Eagles minimal essential    medium. Cell debris was cleared by centrifugation at 1,000 rcf for    15 minutes at 4° C., and supernatants were serially diluted on    Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. After 5 days of incubation    at 37° C. (5% CO₂), 50 μl of 0.5% chick red blood cells were added    per well, and agglutination was read after 1 hour at room    temperature. The virus titer is expressed as 50% tissue culture    infective dose (TClD₅₀) calculated by logistic regression.-   ELISA: Cytokine levels were measured by quantitative ELISA using    commercially available kits. Ear samples were homogenized using a    tissue minser in PBS. Cell debris was cleared by centrifugation at    14,000 rpm for 5 minutes. The cytokine concentrations and thresholds    were determined as described by the manufacturer; IL-6, IFN-γ, and    KC (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.).-   Myeloperoxidase Assay: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was determined    kinetically as described by Bradley et al. (1982). Briefly, rabbit    cornea were homogenized in Hexadecyl Trimethyl-Ammonium Bromide    (HTAB) (Sigma Chemical Co. St. Louis, Mo.) which was dissolved in    0.5 m Potassium phosphate buffer (J.T. Baker Scientific,    Phillipsburg, N.J.). Following homogenization, the samples were    subjected to freeze-thaw-sonication (Cole-Parmer 8853, Cole-Parmer,    Vernon Hills, Ill.) 3 times. Suspensions were then cleared by    centrifugation at 12,500×g for 15 minutes at 4° C. MPO enzymatic    activity was determined by colormetric change in absorbance during a    reaction of O-Dianisidine dihydrochloride (ODI) 0.175 mg/ml (Sigma    Chemical Co. St. Louis, Mo.) with 0.0002% Hydrogen peroxide (Sigma    Chemical Co. St. Louis, Mo.). Measurements were performed by using a    Beckman Du 640 Spectrophotometer (Fullerton, Calif.) fitted with a    temperature control device. 50 ul of material to be assayed was    added to 950 ul of ODI and change in absorbance was measured at a    wave length of 460 nm for 2 minutes at 25° C.-   Whole Body Pletdiysomographzy: Influenza virus infected mice were    placed into a whole body plethysomograph box with an internal volume    of approximately 350-ml. A bias airflow of one 1/min was applied to    the box and flow changes were measured and recorded with a Buxco XA    data acquisition and respiratory analysis system (Buxco Electronics,    Sharon, Conn.). Animals were allowed to acclimate to the    plethysmograph box for 2 min. before airflow data was recorded.    Airway measurements were calculated as Penh (enhanced pause). Penh    has previously been shown as an index of airway obstruction and    correlates with increased intrapleural pressure. The algorithm for    Penh calculation is as follows: Penh=[(expiratory time/relaxation    time)−1]×(peak expiratory flow/peak inspiratory flow) where    relaxation time is the amount of time required for 70% of the tidal    volume to be expired. Determination of arterial oxygen saturation. A    Nonin veterinary hand held pulse oximeter 8500V with lingual sensor    (Nonin Medical, Inc., Plymouth Minn.) was used to determine daily    arterial oxygen saturation %SpO2 as described (Sidwell et al. 1992    Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 36:473-476).-   Additional data and assay modifications may be found in    PCT/US00/25386, (WO 01/19322) filed 15 Sep. 2000, whose disclosure    is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

All publications, including but not limited to patents and patentapplications, cited in this specification are herein incorporated byreference as if each individual publication were specifically andindividually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein as thoughfully set forth.

The above description fully discloses the invention including preferredembodiments thereof. Modifications and improvements of the embodimentsspecifically disclosed herein are within the scope of the followingclaims. Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled inthe art can, using the preceding description, utilize the presentinvention to its fullest extent. Therefore, the Examples herein are tobe construed as merely illustrative and not a limitation of the scope ofthe present invention in any way. The embodiments of the invention inwhich an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined asfollows.

1. A compound of the formula:

wherein G₁, and G₂ are independently nitrogen; G₃ is CH₂; G₄ is CH; G₅and G₆ are independently selected from nitrogen or CH, provided thatboth G₅ and G₆ are not both CH; R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties may be optionallysubstituted; R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 2. The compound accordingto claim 1 which is Formula (III), and a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt, solvate or physiologically functional derivative thereof. 3.(canceled)
 4. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b) or N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b). 5.(canceled)
 6. The compound according to claim 5 wherein R_(b) isselected from an optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, or an optionally substituted C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl.7. (canceled)
 8. The compound according to claim 7 wherein R_(b) ispropyl, isopropyl, thiazolyl, phenyl, or 4-F phenyl.
 9. (canceled) 10.The compound according to claim 1 wherein R_(1′) is independentlyselected at each occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, orhalo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 11. The compound according to claim 10wherein R_(1′) is independently selected at each occurrence fromfluorine, methyl, or CF₃.
 12. The compound according to claim 1 whereinX is S(O)_(m)R₂.
 13. The compound according to claim 1 wherein X is(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, or (CH₂)_(n)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)).
 14. The compoundaccording to claim 13 wherein the R₄ and R₁₄ moieties, are optionallysubstituted, 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrence, by halogen;hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; C₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; halosubstitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkoxy; C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; SR₅; S(O)R₅;S(O)₂R₅; C(O)Rj; C(O)ORj; C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′); NR_(4′)C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl;NR_(4′)C(O)aryl; NR_(4′)R_(14′); cyano, nitro, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, or C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; halosubstituted C₁₋₁₀alkyl; an unsubstituted or substituted aryl, or arylC₁₋₄ alkyl; anunsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl or hetero C₁₋₄ alkyl; anunsubstituted or substituted heterocyclic or heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl,and wherein these aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclic containing moietiesare substituted one to two times independently at each occurence byhalogen; C₁₋₄ alkyl, hydroxy; hydroxy substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl; C₁₋₄alkoxy; S(O)_(m)alkyl; amino, mono & di-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl amino, orCF₃; and wherein R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′) cancyclize together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to form a5 to 7 membered ring which optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); R_(j) is independently selectedat each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl C₁₋₄alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₄alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclicC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted.
 15. The compound according to claim 14 whereinR₄ and R₁₄ are independently selected from hydrogen, optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionallysubstituted aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclic,optionally substituted heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl, optionally substitutedheteroaryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 16. Thecompound according to claim 15 wherein the C₁₋₁₀ alkyl is substitutedone or more times, independently at each occurrence with NR_(4′)R_(14′);halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, C(O)NR_(4′)R_(14′); or NR₄C(O)C₁₋₁₀alkyl. 17.The compound according to claim 14 wherein X is (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄; one ofR₄ and R₁₄ is an optionally substituted heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl, and theheteroaryl moiety is selected from thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl,thiazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl,pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, andbenzothiazolyl; or one of R₄ and R₁₄ is an optionally substitutedheterocyclic or heterocyclic C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety selected fromtetrahydropyrrole, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolinyl,pyrrolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, indolinyl, pyrazolinyl,pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, and morpholino,tetrahydropyrrole C₁₋₄ alkyl, tetrahydropyran C₁₋₄ alkyl,tetrahydrofuran C₁₋₄ alkyl, pyrrolinyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, pyrrolidinyl C₁₋₄alkyl, imidazolinyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, imidazolidinyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, indolinylC₁₋₄ alkyl, pyrazolinyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, pyrazolidinyl C₁₋₄ alkyl,piperidinyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, piperazinyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, and morpholino C₁₋₄alkyl.
 18. (canceled)
 19. (canceled)
 20. (canceled)
 21. The compoundaccording to claim 14 wherein X is (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄ and R₄ and R₁₄together with the nitrogen cyclize to form an optionally substitutedring selected from pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, and morpholine.22. The compound according to claim 14 wherein X is 1,4′-bipiperin-1′ylor 4-methyl-1,4′-bipiperin-1′yl.
 23. The compound according to claim 1wherein the R_(2′) moieties, excluding hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted 1 to 4 times, independently, by C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halogen, —C(O), cyano, nitro,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkylNR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(═NOR₆)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇; and wherein R_(e) are R_(e′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl,heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, which moieties, excludinghydrogen may be optionally substituted; or R_(e) and R_(e′) togetherwith the nitrogen which they are attached form an optionally substitutedheterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains anadditional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR₉; R₇ isindependently selected at each occurrence from C₁₋₆alkyl, aryl,arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclylC₁₋₆ alkyl, heteroaryl, orheteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties may beoptionally substituted; and n is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to10;
 24. The compound according to claim 23 wherein X is(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)); R₂ is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and the alkyl is substituted by (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′) or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkyl NR_(e)R_(e′).
 25. The compoundaccording to claim 24 wherein R_(e) are R_(e′) are independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 26. Thecompound according to claim 13 wherein X moiety is3-(diethylamino)propylamino, 3-(dimethylamino)propyl(methyl)amino,3-(dimethylamino)propyl(methyl)amino, 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino,1-methylethyl)amino-propylamino, (1,1-dimethylethyl)aminopropylamino,(1-methylethyl)aminoethylamino, 2-(methylamino)ethylamino,2-aminoethyl(methyl)amino, or a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl(methyl)amino. 27.The compound according to claim 1 wherein R₂ is optionally substitutedone or more times, independently at each occurrence, with C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, halogen, —C(O), cyano, nitro,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR_(e)R_(e′)C₁₋₄alkyl NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)₂NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(═NOR₆)NR_(e)R_(e′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′),(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR_(e)R_(e′), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇; and wherein R₇ is independently selectedat each occurrence from C₁₋₆alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heterocyclic,heterocyclylC₁₋₆ alkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroarylC₁₋₁₆alkyl moiety, andwherein each of these moieties may be optionally substituted; and n is 0or an integer having a value of 1 to
 10. 28. The compound according toclaim 27 wherein R₂ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl optionally substituted by(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₄R₁₄.
 29. Thecompound according to claim 1 wherein R₂ is the(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), and X₁ is oxygen or N(R₁₀).
 30. (canceled)31. The compound according to claim 29 wherein R₂ is(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), at least one of A₁, A₂ or A₃is substituted by (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR_(6′), q is 0 or 1 and q′ is
 0. 32. Thecompound according to claim 1 wherein R₃ is an optionally substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, or aryl.
 33. Thecompound according to claim 32 wherein R₃ is optionally substituted oneor more times, independently at each occurrence, with wherein thesemoieties are all optionally substituted one or more times, independentlyat each occurrence, by hydrogen, halogen, nitro, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₂₋₁₀ alkenyl, C₂₋₁₀alkynyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)SH,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)_(m)R₇, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))S(O)₂R₇,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)CN, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)S(O)2NR₁₆R₂₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)R₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)OR₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)C(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)R₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(═N(R_(10′)))NR₁₆R₂₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OC(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆,(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)NR₁₆R₂₆, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)N(R_(10′))C(Z)OR₇;and wherein R₁₆ and R₂₆ are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄ alkyl; or the R₁₆ and R₂₆ togetherwith the nitrogen which they are attached form an unsubstituted orsubstituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7 members, which ring optionallycontains an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur orNR_(9′), R₇ is independently selected at each occurrence from C₁₋₆alkyl,aryl, arylC₁₋₆alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclylC₁₋₆ alkyl, heteroaryl,or heteroarylC₁₋₆alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties may beoptionally substituted; and n is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to10.
 34. The compound according to claim 33 wherein the R₃ optionalsubstituent is independently selected at each occurrence from halogen,C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₁₆R₂₆, or halo-substitutedC₁₋₁₀ alkyl.
 35. The compound according to claim 33 wherein R₃ is aphenyl substituted one or more times by independently at each occurrenceby fluorine, chlorine, hydroxy, methoxy, amino, methyl, ortrifluoromethyl.
 36. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R₃ is a2,6-difluorophenyl.
 37. The compound according to claim 1 wherein R₃ isan aryl ring substituted 1 to 4 times, independently at each occurrenceby halogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)OR₆, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(n)NR₁₆R₂₆, orhalo-substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R_(1′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, or halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl; gis 0, or 1; R₁ is C(Z)N(R₁₀)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); v is 0; R_(b) isthiazolyl; Z is oxygen, R_(10′) is hydrogen; X is (CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄; oneof R₄ and R₁₄ is an optionally substituted heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl, andthe other of R₄ and R₁₄ is hydrogen.
 38. (canceled)
 39. (canceled) 40.(canceled)
 41. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effectiveamount of a compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof according to claim 1, inadmixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,diluents or excipients.
 42. A pharmaceutical composition comprising aneffective amount of a compound, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt,solvate or physiologically functional derivative, according to claim 1,in admixture with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,diluents or excipients, for administration by intravenous,intramuscular, subcutaneous, intranasal, oral inhalation, intrarectal,intravaginal or intraperitoneal means.
 43. A method of treating,including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediated disease in a mammalin need thereof, comprising administering to said mammal an effectiveamount of a compound according to claim
 1. 44. The method according toclaim 43 wherein the CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediated disease is psoriaticarthritis, Reiter's syndrome, gout, traumatic arthritis, rubellaarthritis, acute synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoidspondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and other arthriticcondition, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis,toxic shock syndrome, cerebral malaria, meningitis, ischemic andhemorrhagic stroke, neurotrauma/closed head injury, asthma, adultrespiratory distress syndrome, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), silicosis, pulmonarysarcososis, bone resorption disease, osteoporosis, restenosis, cardiacand brain and renal reperfusion injury, congestive heart failure,coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, thrombosis,glomerularnephritis, chronic renal failure, diabetes, diabeticretinopathy, macular degeneration, graft vs. host reaction, allograftrejection, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerativecolitis, neurodegenrative disease, muscle degeneration, atherosclerosis,diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, tumor growth and metastasis,angiogenic disease, influenza induced pneumonia, eczema, contactdermatitis, psoriasis, sunburn, or conjunctivitis.
 45. A method oftreating, traumatic arthritis, rubella arthritis, acute synovitis,rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, goutyarthritis and other arthritic condition, in a mammal in need thereof,comprising administering to said mammal an effective amount of acompound according to claim
 1. 46. A method of treating, asthma, adultrespiratory distress syndrome, chronic pulmonary inflammatory disease,or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a mammal in needthereof, comprising administering to said mammal an effective amount ofa compound according to claim
 1. 47. A method of treatingatherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, orulcerative colitis in a mammal in need thereof comprising administeringto said mammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim 1.48. (canceled)
 49. (canceled)
 50. A method of treating inflammation in amammal in need thereof comprising adminisering to said mammal aneffective amount of a compound according claim
 1. 51. to
 89. (canceled)90. A compound of the formula:

wherein G₁, and G₂ are independently nitrogen; G₃ is CH₂; G₄ is CH; G₅and G₆ are nitrogen and CH, provided that only one of G5 or G6 isnitrogen and the other is CH; R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R₂′,(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties maybe optionally substituted; R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 91. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective amount of a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof according to claim 90, in admixture with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 92. Amethod of treating, including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim
 90. 93. Themethod according to claim 92 wherein the CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease is psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, gout, traumaticarthritis, rubella arthritis, acute synovitis, rheumatoid arthritis,rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and otherarthritic condition, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gramnegative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, cerebral malaria, meningitis,ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, neurotrauma/closed head injury, asthma,adult respiratory distress syndrome, chronic pulmonary inflammatorydisease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), silicosis,pulmonary sarcososis, bone resorption disease, osteoporosis, restenosis,cardiac and brain and renal reperfusion injury, congestive heartfailure, coronary arterial bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, thrombosis,glomerularnephritis, chronic renal failure, diabetes, diabeticretinopathy, macular degeneration, atheroschlerosis, graft vs. hostreaction, allograft rejection, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn'sdisease, ulcerative colitis, neurodegenrative disease, muscledegeneration, atheroschlerosis, diabetic retinopathy, maculardegeneration, tumor growth and metastasis, angiogenic disease, influenzainduced pneumonia, eczema, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, sunburn, orconjunctivitis.
 94. A method of treating inflammation in a mammal inneed thereof comprising administering to said mammal an effective amountof a compound according to claim
 90. 95.

wherein G₁ and G₂ are independently selected from nitrogen or CH: G₃ isCH₂; G₄ is CH; one of G5, G6, G7 and G8 is nitrogen and the others areCH; R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R₁₀)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R₁₀)OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano,nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O) CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties may be optionallysubstituted; R4 and R₁₄ are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 96. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective amount of a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof according to claim 95, in admixture with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 97. Amethod of treating, including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim
 95. 98. Acompound of the formula:

wherein G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen: G₃ is CH₂; G₄ is CH; G5 and G6 arenitrogen; and G7 and G8 are CH; R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties maybe optionally substituted; R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′) excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 99. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective amount of a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof according to claim 98, in admixture with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 100. Amethod of treating, including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim
 98. 101. Acompound of the formula:

wherein G₁ and G₂ are independently selected from nitrogen or CH: G₃ isCH₂; G₄ is CH; G6 and G8 are nitrogen; and G5 and G7 are CH; R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R20)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′)(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR₁₀)—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR10R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties maybe optionally substituted; R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 102. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective amount of a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof according to claim 101, in admixture with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 103. Amethod of treating, including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim
 101. 104. Acompound of the formula:

wherein G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen; G₃ is CH₂; G₄ is CH; G5 and G8 arenitrogen; G6 and G7 are CH; R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R₁₀)OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano,nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties maybe optionally substituted; R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 105. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective amount of a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof according to claim 104, in admixture with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 106. Amethod of treating, including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim
 104. 107. Acompounds of the formula:

wherein G₁ and G₂ are nitrogen; G₃ is CH₂; G₄ is CH; G6 and G7 arenitrogen; G5 and G8 are CH; R₁ is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R₁₀)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties maybe optionally substituted; R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 108. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective amount of a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof according to claim 107, in admixture with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 109. Amethod of treating, including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim
 107. 110. Acompound of the formula:

wherein G₁, and G₂ are independently nitrogen; G₃ is CH₂; G₄ is CH; Y isC(R_(x))(R_(z)), C(O), N(R_(z)), N(R_(w))C(R_(y))(R_(z)), oxygen,OC(R_(y))(R_(z)), S(O)_(m), or S(O)_(m)C(R_(y))(R_(z)); R_(x) ishydrogen, C₁₋₂ alkyl, N(R_(v))₂, hydroxy, thio, C₁₋₂ alkoxy, orS(O)_(m)C₁₋₂alkyl; R_(y) is hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl; R_(z′) is hydrogenor C₁₋₂ alkyl; R_(w) is hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl; R_(v) is independentlyselected from hydrogen or C₁₋₂ alkyl; R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties may be optionallysubstituted; R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 111. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective amount of a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof according to claim 110, in admixture with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 112. Amethod of treating, including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim
 110. 113. Acompound of the formula:

wherein G₁, G₂ are independently nitrogen or CH, but G₁, and G₂ are notboth nitrogen; G₃ is CH₂; G₄ is CH; R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R₁₀)OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl, cyano,nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅, S(O)R₅,S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionallysubstituted; X is R₂, OR_(2′), S(O)_(m)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)N(R₁₀)S(O)_(m)R_(2′), (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(10′))C(O)R_(2′),(CH₂)_(n′)NR₄R₁₄, (CH₂)_(n′)N(R_(2′))(R_(2″)), orN(R_(10′))R_(h)NH—C(═N—CN)NRqRq′; X₁ is N(R₁₁), O, S(O)_(m), or CR₁₀R₂₀;R_(h) is selected from an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,—CH₂—C(O)—CH₂—, —CH₂—CH₂—O—CH₂—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)N(R_(10′))CH₂—CH₂—,—CH₂—N(R_(10′))C(O)CH₂—, —CH₂—CH(OR_(10′))—CH₂—, —CH₂—C(O)O—CH₂—CH₂—, or—CH₂—CH₂—O—C(O)CH₂—; R_(q) and R_(q′) are independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl-C₁₋₁₀alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, wherein all of the moieties except for hydrogen, are optionallysubstituted, or R_(q) and R_(q′) together with the nitrogen to whichthey are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5to 7 members, which ring may contain an additional heteroatom selectedfrom oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur; R₂ is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R₂ is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃), or(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q′)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); R_(2′) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(2″) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkylmoiety, and wherein these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or wherein R_(2″) is the moiety(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(t)X₁(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(q)C(A₁)(A₂)(A₃); A₁ is an optionallysubstituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₂ is anoptionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclic C₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, or aryl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; A₃is hydrogen or is an optionally substituted C₁₋₁₀ alkyl; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or aheterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties maybe optionally substituted; R₄ and R₁₄ are each independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, aryl-C₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclic, heterocyclicC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl or a heteroaryl C₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or the R₄ and R₁₄ together with the nitrogen which they areattached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 4 to 7members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₁ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substitutedC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl,C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety, and wherein each ofthese moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; R₁₃is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkylmoiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogenwhich they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ringof 5 to 6 members, which ring optionally contains an additionalheteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); g is 0 or an integerhaving a value of 1, 2, 3, or 4; n′ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; m isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; q is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 to 10; q′ is0, or an integer having a value of 1 to 6; t is an integer having avalue of 2 to 6; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2; Z is independently selected at each occurrence fromoxygen or sulfur; and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate orphysiologically functional derivative thereof.
 114. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising an effective amount of a compound, orpharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or physiologically functionalderivative thereof according to claim 113, in admixture with one or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients.
 115. Amethod of treating, including prophylaxis, a CSBP/RK/p38 kinase mediateddisease in a mammal in need thereof, comprising administering to saidmammal an effective amount of a compound according to claim
 113. 116. Acompound of the formula:

wherein G5 and G6 are independently selected from nitrogen or CH; R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties may be optionally substituted; R_(b)is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl,aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic,or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety, which moieties, excluding hydrogen,may all be optionally substituted; R_(d) and R_(d′) are eachindependently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties,excluding hydrogen, may be optionally substituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′)together with the nitrogen which they are attached form an optionallysubstituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 6 members, which ring optionallycontains an additional heteroatom selected from oxygen, sulfur orNR_(9′); R_(4′) and R_(14′) are each independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl, or R_(4′) and R_(14′) togetherwith the nitrogen to which they are attached form a heterocyclic ring of5 to 7 members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from NR_(9′); R₅ is independently selected at each occurrencefrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′),excluding the moieties SR₅ being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H andS(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′) is independently selected at each occurrencefrom hydrogen, or C₁₋₄ alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independentlyselected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ isindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl,C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄ alkyl moiety,and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may beoptionally substituted; R₁₃ is independently selected at each occurrencefrom hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄ alkenyl,C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen,may be optionally substituted; g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1,2, 3, or 4; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; or v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or
 2. 117. A compound of the formula:

wherein one of G5, G6, G7, and G8 are nitrogen and the others are CH; R₁is C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties may be optionallysubstituted; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety,which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which theyare attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 6members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl,C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen,may be optionally substituted; R₁₃ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen,may be optionally substituted; g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1,2, 3, or 4; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; or v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or
 2. 118. A compound of the formula:

wherein G5, and G6 are nitrogen; G7, and G8 are CH; R₁ isC(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), C(Z)O(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b),N(R_(10′))C(Z)N(R_(10′))(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b), orN(R_(10′))OC(Z)(CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v)R_(b); R_(1′) is independently selected ateach occurrence from halogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted-C₁₋₄ alkyl,cyano, nitro, (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)NR_(d)R_(d′), (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)C(O)R₁₂, SR₅,S(O)R₅, S(O)₂R₅, or (CR₁₀R₂₀)_(v′)OR₁₃; R₃ is a C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic or a heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties may be optionallysubstituted; R_(b) is hydrogen, C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkyl C₁₋₁₀ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₁₀alkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl, heterocyclic, or heterocyclylC₁₋₁₀ alkyl moiety,which moieties, excluding hydrogen, may all be optionally substituted;R_(d) and R_(d′) are each independently selected from hydrogen, C₁₋₄alkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₆ cycloalkylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and whereineach of these moieties, excluding hydrogen, may be optionallysubstituted; or R_(d) and R_(d′) together with the nitrogen which theyare attached form an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring of 5 to 6members, which ring optionally contains an additional heteroatomselected from oxygen, sulfur or NR_(9′); R_(4′) and R_(14′) are eachindependently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄ alkyl,or R_(4′) and R_(14′) together with the nitrogen to which they areattached form a heterocyclic ring of 5 to 7 members, which ringoptionally contains an additional heteroatom selected from NR_(9′); R₅is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl or NR_(4′)R_(14′), excluding the moieties SR₅being SNR_(4′)R_(14′), S(O)₂R₅ being SO₂H and S(O)R₅ being SOH; R_(9′)is independently selected at each occurrence from hydrogen, or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₀ and R₂₀ are independently selected at each occurrence fromhydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R_(10′) is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen or C₁₋₄alkyl; R₁₂ is independently selected ateach occurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl,C₂₋₄ alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl,C₅₋₇ cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen,may be optionally substituted; R₁₃ is independently selected at eachoccurrence from hydrogen, C₁₋₄ alkyl, halo-substituted C₁₋₄ alkyl, C₂₋₄alkenyl, C₂₋₄ alkynyl, C₃₋₇ cycloalkyl, C₃₋₇cycloalkylC₁₋₄ alkyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl, C₅₋₇cycloalkenyl C₁₋₄ alkyl, aryl, arylC₁₋₄ alkyl,heteroaryl, heteroarylC₁₋₄ alkyl, heterocyclyl, or a heterocyclylC₁₋₄alkyl moiety, and wherein each of these moieties, excluding hydrogen,may be optionally substituted; g is 0 or an integer having a value of 1,2, 3, or 4; v is 0 or an integer having a value of 1 or 2; or v′ isindependently selected at each occurrence from 0 or an integer having avalue of 1 or 2.